Insulin Pumo- Diabetes Essay example

29 million people in the United States (9.3 percent) have diabetes, and of those 29 million approximately 7.25 million are unaware that they are diabetic (www.cdc.gov). Diabetes describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body 's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Diabetes can be divided into two groups: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as juvenile diabetes and is usually found in children and young adults. Only 5% of people with diabetes have this form of the disease. Type 1 diabetes restricts the body from producing insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. Type 1 diabetes can be managed by using insulin therapy and other treatments to help those infected maintain insulin to convert sugars, starches and foods into energy(www.diabetes.org). Type 2 diabetes is the most common, people with Type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance meaning the body does not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas makes a surplus insulin to compensate for the lack on insulin in your body. However, over time your pancreas is not able to keep up and can not make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels(www.diabetes.org). Complications of diabetes in the long term include potential heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.

All patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and many patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) require insulin therapy at some point to adequately manage their disease state.5 Traditional treatment of DM therapy, which ultimately includes subcutaneous injection of insulin, is often met with apprehension among diabetic patients due to the inconvenience and discomfort of injecting oneself. Administration of insulin by methods other than injection has been investigated since the discovery of insulin in the 1920s.6One such

In the US, diabetes contributes significantly to excess morbidity and mortality. When uncontrolled, it is a major cause of stroke, heart attacks, chronic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and is the major cause of non-traumatic amputations. It is also increases the risk of death two-fold compared to someone without diabetes . However, among those patients with better control, a reduction in hemoglobin A1C has been shown to decrease the risk of kidney disease , progression of CHF , and an overall decrease in microvascular complications . There is a definite benefit of close blood glucose monitoring and control. In type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, the standard of care for mild-moderate disease is oral agents, with transition to subcutaneous insulin as the disease progresses. In type 1 diabetes, characterized by lack of insulin, the treatment depends on either an insulin pump or subcutaneous insulin therapy. Unfortunately, in those patients with insulin dependent diabetes, compliance with finger stick glucose measurements is poor, making insulin administration dependent on those measurements imprecise . One solution to this problem that has been proposed is continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). This system consists of a subcutaneously implanted glucose sensor that wirelessly transmits data to a recorder worn on the body. This allows for frequent (generally a few times an

Diabetes is a metabolic disease where an individual’s blood glucose level is higher than normal standards. Diabetes is a long term condition that causes not only primary issues related to the disease but secondary problems as well. Diabetes also known and referred to by healthcare professionals as diabetes mellitus, which is a phrase used to describe a group of metabolic diseases in which a person’s body does not produce insulin at all, or a person’s body does not use insulin properly, which is called insulin resistance. Type I Diabetes also known as juvenile diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin, approximately 10% of all diabetes cases are type I. Type 2 diabetes is when the body does not use insulin properly and approximately 90% of all documented cases worldwide is of this type. (American Diabetes Association, 2014) All types of diabetes can be treated, type I has no known cure however there have been some cases where

Caring for type 1 diabetes requires a very complex treatment. You are required to have lifelong insulin therapy which varies dosage with your form of medicine. Your blood stream receives the insulin by pump or injections which have to be taken several times daily, every day. With each meal you much also count the amount of carbohydrates to make sure you're eating the right amount for your body. Your blood sugar levels must be checked often to make sure they are in range with in your target area (between 70 and 240 mg/dL). If your blood sugar level is too low you may pass out and should eat something immediately. This device is used to draw a blood sample and measure it for your blood glucose level which will then help base your meal off the

There are many types of diabetes. The two I will be discussing are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 generally affects young people and requires treatment with insulin. Five to ten percent of Americans with diabetes have this type. People with type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin and need regular shots of it to keep their blood glucose levels normal. People who are at risk for type 1 are those who have a family history of the disease,

Administration of this type is only once or twice a day. It provides a basal insulin level due to its extended release during a time of fasting. The release impairs glucose production in the liver to help maintain a leveled blood glucose reading. Examples of long lasting insulin include insulin glargine and insulin detemir. (2) Different modifications of insulin’s structure results in the slower absorption and longer duration of action. Researchers used this to develop long lasting insulin to help maintain baseline levels in the body. Insulin glargine has a substitution of glycine for asparagine and the addition of two arginine molecules compared to human insulin. These changes are enough to alter the pH of the insulin. When the insulin is injected subcutaneously it precipitates out forming a bolus. The precipitate slows absorption but extends the duration. These properties are essential when trying to obtain a basal level within the body over a long period of time. Glarine usually lasts 24 hours, which means it only has to be injected once daily. Insulin detemir contains a fatty acid side chain which increases its binding to proteins such as albumin. The binding prolongs the action of the insulin but it must still be administered twice a day.

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which a person’s glucose (blood sugar) is higher than normal. After our bodies have digested foods and turned them into sugar, the pancreas produces insulin. Insulin helps the body take sugar (blood sugar) out of the bloodstream and helps to shuttle it into our cells to be used for energy. If a person has diabetes, their bodies either doesn’t make enough insulin (Type II) or the body doesn’t use the insulin as it should (Type I). Either of these conditions can result in high sugar (glucose) levels (CDC, 2013).

Type one diabetes is treated pharmacologically through insulin, which must be “injected to control blood glucose levels. Therefore people with type one diabetes need insulin every day to live” (Diabetes Australia, Victoria 2008)

There are different treatment options for Type 1 and 2 diabetes that include oral medications, insulin injections, and insulin pumps(Diabetes and Kidney Disease). Oral medications are the most commonly used because of their ease of use and usually lowers the hemoglobin A1C effectively but can at times cause hypoglycemia (glucose levels falling below normal range of values). Oral medications are also mostly used for Type 2. Insulin is the method of choice in type 1 diabetes treatment plans. Insulin injections help reproduce the secretions of the pancreas. There are two types of insulin that is used, long acting and short acting. These help to better manage a person depending on meal consumption, caloric intake, and carbohydrate intake. Another way to manage type 1 is by an insulin pump. An insulin pump delivers continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin (Lemur and Batuman 210). Only 1 insulin is used in a pump, fasting acting. Also a pump can be programmed to release different amounts of insulin depending on the time of day to better manage glucose levels without multiple injections daily.

Since doctors have not figured out a cure for this disease yet, the only way to treat it is to manage it (Joslin Diabetes Center). Some ways to do that is by eating healthy, exercising, losing extra weight, and medications. Common medications include metformin, glucophage, and glumetza (Mayo Clinic). In addition, some patients use insulin therapy to manage their diabetes. This is a once or twice a day injection of insulin (American Diabetes Association etal.). Given these points, diabetes can achieve the common goal of an A1C less than 7% and overall keeping their blood glucose levels between 80 to 130 mg/dl. before a meal and less than 180 mg/dl. after a meal. The way patients with diabetes know their blood glucose levels when not at the doctor’s office is by using a meter. The way this machine works is by the patient pricking their finger in order to get a drop of blood, putting the blood on a test strip. They then stick the test strip with the blood in the meter and the meter gives them their current blood glucose level (American Diabetes

The Closed-Loop System will make life easier for Type 1 Diabetics. It means having to prick your finger or arm to test your sugar less times a day. This system will assist with keeping blood glucose numbers more stable with less low and highs. Having numbers stay stable will help avoid some of the long-term complications that are associated with diabetes. This is just the beginning for making lives easier, and to finding a

There are over three million Americans that have already been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, and another 15,000 children and 15,000 adults being diagnosed each year. Although frequently overshadowed by the better known type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that is not caused by “being fat” or “eating unhealthy” as many would ignorantly infer. Type 1 diabetes, however, is caused by the attacking of the immune system on the pancreas, denying it the ability to carry out its most important function, producing insulin to help control one’s blood glucose levels. For over a decade now, biomedical engineers, scientists, and doctors have been working diligently and effectively on creating a closed-loop

We, at Total Diabetes Supply, ensure that your pet's diabetes is under control by providing a complete range of diabetes control equipments like insulin syringes, diabetes test strips, and glucose level monitoring devices. Our all products are quality tested and are highly effective in keeping your pet healthy. We offer insulin syringes of high quality in different sizes including 1/2" and 5/16" which makes it easy to measure the dosage and to inject insulin in the body. Choosing the right size of the syringe is extremely important so as to inject the exact quantity of the insulin as prescribed by the veterinary doctor. We advise you to choose the smallest syringe for your pet because, in smaller syringes, markers are clearly visible. If your dosage is more than or equal to the maximum quantity which can be contained in the syringe then it is advised that you should choose the next big size of the syringe. This is also beneficial if you plan to increase your dosage in the near future. Our syringes help in injecting insulin in accurate quantities and smoothly in the body of your pet causing very little or no pain. The syringes are made up of surgical grade material and use stainless steel needle which is firmly fixed in the syringe so that it doesn't pop off at the

Diabetes is a systemic disease caused by a decrease in the secretion of insulin or reduced sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin by target tissue. (Beale, et al., 2011) The incidence of diabetes is growing rapidly in the United States and worldwide. An estimated 347 million people around the world are afflicted with diabetes. (Whalen, et al., 2012) According to World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes prevalence among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. It is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and limbic amputation. World Health Organization (WHO) projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. It is a complex and costly disease that can affect nearly every organ in the body and result in devastating consequences. The leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, renal failure, and blindness in working-age adults, diabetes is also a major cause of premature mortality, stroke, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, and disability. (Cefalu, 2000) Insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents have demonstrated improvement in glycaemic control. However, Insulin therapy has some disadvantages such as ineffectiveness following oral administration, short shelf life, of the need for constant refrigeration, and fatal hypoglycaemia, in the event of excess dosage.