Insulin Research Paper

After reading the first half of chapter two, The Analytic Project, I was most interested in the section titled, The Discovery of Insulin. I furthered my research of this area after reading and was able to better understand insulin and why it was such an important discovery. With that being said, diabetes was the result of malfunctions of the pancreas. Before the discovery of insulin, diabetes was a disease that usually caused death, especially during the late nineteenth century. Many feared this disease, and according to A Philosophy of Science, A new Introduction, most people lost their life within a year of being diagnosed with the disease, even with the best treatment available at the time.

The development of insulin saved many lives throughout the 1920’s. Insulin allows your body to turn blood sugar into energy, and diabetes patients don’t have an important hormone called insulin. In fact, thousands of people had this issue. In the 1900’s, the only treatments for diabetes were starvation diets and very strict exercise program. Dr. Frederick Bating, the inventor of insulin, had spent a lot of his time studying the disease of diabetes. He thought if he could isolate insulin in animals, it would be possible to use it to treat people with diabetes. Later on his theory proved to be correct. Dr. Frederick Banting needed a lab to test his theory and work on it so he could have insulin mass produced and treat the disease of diabetes.

During the 1920’s, many discoveries happened in the medical field. In particular, a major discovery was insulin. It helps save many lives since the 1920’s until today. The discovery of insulin resulted in a Nobel Peace Prize. It is an extremely significant hormone in the body of humans and animals. There are many facts people should be aware of about insulin like how it became discovered, what it is, and how it helps treat diabetes.

Diabetes is a disorder that is formed by high blood glucose. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause for death in the United States. It occurs most often in adults, but it’s one of the most chronic disorders in children. Individuals suffering from hyperglycemia have low production of insulin. American Diabetes Association is trying to prevent and cure diabetes and improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes.

Let’s take a moment here to understand what insulin does. Insulin is the main product that escorts sugar into the cells to be burned off and converted into energy. Kind of like your prom date walking you into the big event arm-in-arm. Nobody wants to go to prom alone, so the sugar (glucose) just hangs around waiting for her date. In diabetes the sugar is either at an all-girls school or all the dates are already taken by other sugars. With both you will see excess sugar in the blood.

Insulin is a hormone, produced in the pancreas, responsible the metabolism of glucose in the body. Ultimately, insulin maintains homeostasis of blood glucose levels. Patients with altered insulin function or production may develop diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops from a patient’s resistance to insulin function. Exogenous insulin is used in replacement therapy for diabetes management, restoring levels of insulin for use in glucose metabolism. A variety of insulin preparations are currently FDA approved and on the market. Different insulin are classified by time

Insulin has been used for diabetes since 1922. “Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old boy dying from diabetes in a Toronto hospital, became the first person to receive an injection of insulin” (“The History of a Wonderful Thing We Call Insulin” 1). Without insulin, thousands of people with diabetes would die. Insulin is available for people who need it because it was initially tested on animals. Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering removed a pancreas gland from a dog in 1889, and it ended up dying later (“The History of a Wonderful Thing We Call Insulin” 1). Animals like dogs, have hormones in their blood so the experiment worked on them. It wasn’t safe for humans yet (Parry 1). Although putting an animal’s life at risk for medical research might

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In conjunction with the advancement in recombinant DNA technology, various insulin analogues have been produced which exhibit similar pharmacodynamics effects but modified pharmacokinetic properties. Insulin lispro, insulin aspart and insulin glulisine are the examples of rapid-acting insulin analogs which are commercially available in the clinical settings. Due to the reason of rapid onset and early peak action which closely mimic normal endogenous prandial insulin secretion as compared to regular insulin, rapid-acting insulins allow more physiologic prandial insulin replacement. On top of that, rapid-acting insulins permit to be taken immediately before the meal without sacrificing glucose

A 60-years-old-male who had diabetes millitus for the last 18 years, on insulin therapy. He is hypertensive for the last 7 year,receiving amlodipine 5 mg. x-smocker for 15 years

I’m chosen to do my second Research Article on the effects of insulin in relatives of patients with Type One diabetes mellitus because I always was wondered if relatives of people with diabetes would get a setback or stop it if they were injected with insulin ahead of time. I think the question is very important because technology and medicine are growing so fast, and if we have a better understanding on how to prevent certain diseases then think about how many people can be saved and cured. One of the major diseases I consider to be a burden on Americans is diabetes because it effects how people go on with their lives, and at the quick of a second it can take the life of anyone with Type 1 or type 2 diabetes. I hope by learning more about

Insulin resistance is a health condition that the body is not able to respond to insulin. It will promote the pancreas to make more insulin and release it into the bloodstream. As a result, the sugar level in the blood remains higher than normal blood sugar levels. If they are left untreated, this can lead to diabetes. To avoid developing diabetes you need to start trying to reverse insulin resistance by making changes in diet and lifestyle.

The discovery of the human insulin analog, insulin lispro (LysB28ProB29), by Dr. Richard DiMarchi and his research team at Eli Lilly and Company is perhaps the most significant recent advances involving the treatment of diabetes mellitus. A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus was put on the forefront medical science following an international conference in Monaco in 1985 by the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International, which called for the development of fast-acting insulin analogs that mimicked the physiological effects of human insulin (1). While human insulin had been commercially prepared by Eli Lilly and Company since 1923, the efficacy of subcutaneous injections of human insulin was limited

Diabetes is a systemic disease caused by a decrease in the secretion of insulin or reduced sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin by target tissue. (Beale, et al., 2011) The incidence of diabetes is growing rapidly in the United States and worldwide. An estimated 347 million people around the world are afflicted with diabetes. (Whalen, et al., 2012) According to World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes prevalence among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. It is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and limbic amputation. World Health Organization (WHO) projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. It is a complex and costly disease that can affect nearly every organ in the body and result in devastating consequences. The leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, renal failure, and blindness in working-age adults, diabetes is also a major cause of premature mortality, stroke, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, and disability. (Cefalu, 2000) Insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents have demonstrated improvement in glycaemic control. However, Insulin therapy has some disadvantages such as ineffectiveness following oral administration, short shelf life, of the need for constant refrigeration, and fatal hypoglycaemia, in the event of excess dosage.