Integrated Reporting Of Nigeri Where We Are Coming From

SFAC No. 8 addresses the cost constraint on useful financial reporting, “Cost is a pervasive constraint that standard setters, as well as providers and users of financial information, should keep in mind when considering the benefits of a financial reporting requirement.” (SFAC No. 8 BC 3.47) However, the ability to place a dollar value and fully enumerate a cost or benefit is almost an impossible task for standard-setters. Additionally, there is no way to successfully identify and measure all of the economic consequences associated with a new standard. The FASB should be applauded though for advancing uniformity in accounting standards, however; uniform financial reporting suggests a one size fits all approach. “Smaller, non-publicly listed firms (and their auditors) argue that accounting standards are formulated mainly for larger, publicly traded firms” and that “compliance costs are disproportionately higher and the

In 1853, first association of professional accountants, it also can be regarded as the beginning of the modern accounting profession. The UK accounting system is conducive to a principles-based approach rather than a rules-based approach to standard setting. Furthermore, the UK 's politic system is common law, which shows that accounting system in the UK has relatively fewer statutes, more interpretation and tends to be more flexible, adaptive and innovative, etc. Also, taxation does not have influence on accounting system, but Germany and Japan are in opposite Therefore, these all can have a significant influence on accounting system in the UK.

The field of accounting is constantly evolving. This is true not only for the theory of accounting itself but also the entities that govern its theory and practice. Presently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are faced with some of the biggest challenges to date. To understand the significance of these two boards, it is necessary to understand their histories, relations between the boards, and the standards that they set. Also how the knowledge of these boards and the field they lead, gained through the masters of science in accountancy

There are three kind of financial statements for companies which the content reflected different information. Among them, the first is the balance sheet, this statement reflects the financial situation of enterprises. For example, some of the listed companies wants to reflect good financial position in the statement, they will want to increase total assets, decrease accrued total liabilities, and then of course increase owners ' equity, making investors mistakenly believe the company has great investment value, thereby misleading public opinion and investors. Beside the balance sheet the other two financial statements are the income statement and cash flow statement. These two statements reflect the business situation of enterprises. The income statement is an important indicator to measure the performance of listed companies, it is closely related to the allotment and the profit. Therefore, in order to increase the profits of listed companies, they will have to Increase revenue, earnings, decrease expenses, costs and losses (Temte, 73). It helped increase tax evasion, embezzlement and other economic criminal activities. A large number of cases being investigated, all related to the accountants making the fake accounting entries. Therefore, the accounting credibility loss has restricted the development of the market economy. In a business, accountant often times handle the tax problem, so if

Fast forward to 1970, where the APB’s main contribution “Basic Concepts and Accounting Principles Underlying Financial Statement of Business Enterprises was highly critized for achieving too little too late. Ultimately, resulting in the AICPA suggesting that the standard setting role be turned over to an autonomous body known as the Financial Accounting Standards Board

Accounting has been playing a very important role in many places such as Australian accounting standards. Australian accounting standards is also developed by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB). This essay will firstly discuss what AASB is, the role and the functions of AASB. And then, following this, the other projects’ role such as Financial Reporting Council (FRC) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the relationship between AASB, FRC and IASB.

IAASB is a team of the International Federation of Accountants. It was created to increase uniformity of auditing practices and related services throughout the world by creating standards on auditing and reporting practices. Their role is to develop standards of consistency in accounting quality. They do not override a member nation's auditing standards however; members in countries that have standards in place should try to remove variations by likening their standards to those of the IAASB.

Within a world driven by politics, many have discussed the impacts and consequences of accounting standards. The debate behind the creation of standards is a difficult topic. Should standards involve the bias of government and the people, or remain neutral from all influences? Many years ago accounting could have been considered non-political, but the ever-growing connection between public policy and business has placed pressures upon standard setters and the accounting community. The following paragraphs will debate if neutrality or politicization should be used to determine accounting standards.

The Accounting profession is one of the most vital occupations that require ethics and standards. The AICPA and IFAC provide standards that help to assist in making financial reporting better. It is good to understand and recognize how standards are important to use as an accountant in order to prevent performing fraudulent activities.

Sometimes updates in regulatory guidelines or laws may cause a company to revise earlier financial statements. Depending on the industry, size of the company, and legal requirements, various regulations must be met. As mentioned before, company leadership is very responsible for checking that these regulations are met. In doing so, communication between the accountants is the most important to

For this report, both group work for a presentation, as well as significant individual research went into finding the relevant content for a comprehensive report. Concluding this report it is evident that the new regulations do cover a wide range of ground, however there are many critics of these new regulations, who feel they will add cost and complexity, whilst possibly harming the quality of services accounting firms can overall offer to their clients.

Regulation is defined as a set of rules that is designed to control and govern conduct by authority (Deegan 2009, p.59). On the basis of this definition, Deegan (2009, p.59) has defined regulations relating to financial accounting as rules that are developed by independent authoritative body to govern the preparation of financial statements which are accounting standards. Since decades ago, there have been arguments for and against the existence of accounting regulations. With a stance of pro-regulation, this essay is going to examine the reasons that financial accounting and reporting should be regulated and the merits of accounting regulations.

The early deployment of the Dutch East Indies Company (1609) is the beginning of the adoption of a sophisticated method of auditing.(Sukoharsono and Gaffikin, 1995) Hence, the double entry bookkeeping system idea was dispersed and established as a guideline. After a decade post the declaration of independence by Indonesia, in 1957, experts develops a new set of rules called IAI which was documented in a book termed PAI. However, in 1966, Indonesia began to adopt the International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC) guideline that then develops into IASB due to demands in assembling national accounting standards with a high-quality global accounting standards. (IASplus, 2015). Furthermore, due to the change of IASC to IASB,

This was adhered to by a comparable code by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 2000 (CBN, 2006) to deal with corporate governance practices in Nigerian financial institutions. Nevertheless, lessons from the corporate collapses and also losses in the last couple of years with respect relative to banks like Intercontinental Bank Plc, Bank PHB Plc, Societe General Bank, Afri-Bank Plc as well as Oceanic Bank Plc have actually highlighted the function, corporate governance techniques could play in keeping viable organizations and in protecting stakeholders rate of interests. The majority of the business failings that were recorded in the Nigerian banking are instances of the dangers positioned by corporate governance failures.

For this reason, many countries are moving towards consolidating their banking system and Nigeria cannot be an exception.”(pg 10) The CBN however noted that there would be some challenges to this programme and they are enumerated below: