Integrative Therapy

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment developed by Marsha M. Linehan for the treatment of complex, difficult-to-treat mental disorders. Originally, DBT was developed to treat individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD; Carson-Wong, Rizvi, & Steffel, 2013; Scheel, 2000). However, DBT has evolved into a treatment for multi-disordered individuals with BPD. In addition, DBT has been adapted for the treatment of other behavioral disorders involving emotional dysregulation, for example, substance abuse, binge eating, and for settings, such as inpatient and partial hospitalization. Dimeff and Linehan (2001) described five functions

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious psychiatric illness. People that are diagnosed with this disorder suffer from an intense pattern of affective instability, extreme difficulties in interpersonal relationships, problems with behavioral or impulse control, and disrupted cognitive processes. The estimated prevalence of BPD in the general adult population is about 2%, mostly affecting young women.

While using Dialectical Behavior Therapy, it has a couple special theories. The biosocial theory deals with whenever the client is most likely born with a predisposition toward emotional vulnerability. The theory itself deals with how issues from borderline personality develops. When the client lives in an unstable environment, the structure of the home living can affect their mental minds. The client's mind can cause them to become very destructive and affect their relationships with others and most likely diagnose them with personality disorder. (Dialectical Therapy) “DBT draws mindfulness techniques from Zen Buddhism in order to use here-and-now presence of mind to help people in therapy objectively and calmly assess situations” (Dialectical

Marsha Linechan in an attempt to restructure traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to better treat female borderline personality disordered clients. This treatment focuses on a subject group that has high levels of emotional reactivity with skills taught that can help manage the emotional response and perception of triggering stimulus. Dr. Linechan’s primary goal was to impart skills into the client so as to manage the stressors of their life outside and without the need of therapy (Bass, Van Nevel, & Swart, 2014). Review of Dr. Linechan’s theory found that within this third wave therapy style there were three constructs built out of CBT framework that allowed the gestation of emotional regulatory and stabilization skills. The three primary goals Dr. Linchan implemented educational dialectics, radical acceptance and validation all rooted within the theoretical and manualized treatment of CBT (Bayles, Blossom, & Apsche, 2014). Currently DBT is considered one of the most frequently investigated therapy styles for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, specifically in its handling of the extreme emotional dysregulation which contribute to the suicidality of those diagnosed with this disorder (Bass, Van Nevel, & Swart, 2014; Kliem, Kröger, & Kosfelder, 2010). Meta-analysis conducted examining DBT’s effectiveness in both randomized, non-randomized, control, and not controlled studies have found that DBT exhibits an overall moderate effect, r=.56 (Kliem, Kröger, & Kosfelder,

According to Waltz (2003), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) focused is on recognizing accepting and moderating emotional responses in clients. Its main goal is to teach the patient skills to cope with stress, regulate emotions and improve relationships with others. DBT is designed for use by people who have urges to harm themselves, such as those who self-injure or who have suicidal thoughts and

Psychotherapy is best described as the patient talks to a therapist and explains the situation to get it of his/her chest. This is the most effective way to have a sense of belonging and true caring for the patient. Transference focused psychotherapy midpoints around the relationship between the victim and their therapist. The victim can then understand the sensations and complications that mature in the relationship. Those patients most often go on to use those skills when developing other relationships with new friends. Currently there are no medications to cure borderline personality disorder. There are medications that help conceal some of the moods though such as depression, and anxiety. Dialectical behavior therapy was precisely designed to treat people with borderline personality disorder. (If that doesn’t tell you how effective it is going to be, I don’t know what will.) This type of therapy can be done in a group setting, or one on one. It uses a certain skills-based approach to teach the patient how to diffuse their emotions, bear distress, and progress

One of the therapies used is called mentalization-based treatment. The main focus of this therapy is that those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder learn how to recognize their emotions as well as the emotions of other people. After about 2 years of the mentalization-based treatment it has been discovered that 8 years after the treatment finished those individuals still showed a “stable level of improvement” (Paris, 2015, p. 15). There is also transference-focused psychotherapy. This is similar to mentalization-based therapy with the exception that it “focuses mostly on here-and-now distortion” (Paris, 2015, p. 15) of reality that affects the patients

Borderline Personality Disorder is characterized by intense, rapidly fluctuating moods combined with impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships (Biskin & Paris, 2012) (Comer, 2013). People with BPD experience extreme intense emotions and self-destructive behaviors (Roney & Cannon, 2011). These behaviors can cause trouble in their own lives. Individuals with BPD can have a variety of symptoms that can cause problems in their day to day life. These symptoms occur in four domains. The four domains are affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control and cognitive (Biskin, 2012). Each of these symptoms are needed for diagnosing a person with Borderline Personality Disorder. A therapist will use the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders to distinguish which criteria a

Strengths and Weaknesses As with any kind of treatment program Dialectical Behavior Therapy has both its strengths and its weaknesses. One of DBT strengths is that it is a flexible treatment. DBT can be designed to treat clients with different levels of complexity and severity of disorders. Another, its approach is eclectic, as integrates techniques and concepts from several theoretical backgrounds such as psychodynamic, strategic, client-centered, gestalt and system dynamics (Scheel, 2000).

Borderline Personality Disorder is difficult to treat because relapse is a common problem, but it is possible to recover from the damaging behaviors of BPD. Psychotherapy or professional counseling, is the initial form of treatment for BPD. Other forms of treatment include: Cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on changing thoughts and behavioral patterns. This therapy teaches healthy ways to cope with challenges faced with BPD . Family therapy helps to educate the families of people with BPD about the condition and teaches them how provide support. Group therapy, led by a professional, allows people with this condition to talk about their common problems. Psychiatric medications are helpful in treating BPD by addressing some of the symptoms but don’t control the condition. Hospitalization of people with BPD is usually only necessary when the individual’s

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe and dominant psychiatric condition featuring affective instability, marked impulsivity, and substantial deficits in the ability to work and sustain meaningful relationships (Hadjipavlou and Ogrodniczuk 2010). In addition, BPD individuals suffer with deep fear of abandonment, identity conflicts and paranoid ideations (Hadjipavlou and Ogrodniczuk 2010). Further, BPD individuals

Long term psychotherapy is the most useful approach. As the Mad Hatter video explained DBT or Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, is the top form of therapy for treating BPD. DBT is a modified form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy that includes validation and dialectics. This therapy offers a form of ‘tough love’ for patients that offers unconditional acceptance with a push toward understanding that many of the behaviors are irrational. Medications, typically low doses of antipsychotics, are sometimes used in conjunction with therapy.

Dogs are known as a man’s best friend. They are loyal companions that most people love to have around and enjoy their time with. Unfortunately, there are others who cannot enjoy this companionship because of the intense fear and anxious behavior connected to having a specific phobia. (Rosenberg & Kosslyn, 2014, page 182) Specific phobia is defined as an “anxiety disorder characterized by excessive or unreasonable anxiety about or fear related to a specific situation or object.”(182) It is crucial for those suffering to seek out professional help and treatment to overcome their fears and not feel restricted by them. This paper will argue that my patient, Princess Sophia, was suffering from cynophobia, the fear of dogs. I explored different cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) treatments and used the best form of treatment called systematic desensitization. It was effective and the best path to take when dealing with specific phobias.

Impulsivity can be seen as attention seeking behaviors, such as cutting, burning, overdosing and suicidal talk. Patients that have borderline personality disorder have a hard time with not acting on the first thought that comes to their mind and this can get them into risky behavior (Bornovalova, & Daughters, 2007). DBT works with behaviors that are seen as risky or impulsive because the patients are reacting to the negative thoughts that they are feeling. DBT works closely with the patients to teach them skills to react to their negative thoughts in other ways then the risky behaviors that they usually turn to (Dam, D. v., Ehring, Vedel & Emmelkamp, 2013). Regular treatment for individuals with borderline personality disorder when they are having behaviors is to go to the mental health unit at a hospital. Usually while the patients are there they can get medication changes but it seems to make their risky behaviors worsen (Koerner,

This article presents multiple methods for overcoming cynophobia including intermittent desensitization plus involving the role of the of dog owners. John C. Wright, an animal behaviorist and professor of Psychology at Mercer University in Macon, GA, alleged that there is a great success in the use of the combination of systematic desensitization and modeling in treating cynophobia. He cited as an example, a person afraid of dogs may start employing systematic desensitization by imagining he or she is standing 100 feet away from a small dog, then visualizing being 50 feet away, then imagining walking toward the dog and stopping 25 feet away (Swift, 1998). He added that biofeedback may be added too during the conduct of treatment. To enhance