Intellectual Child Development

Many components are hazardous in the prenatal development stage including intelligence and other congenital disabilities. Drugs whether prescription or illegal, alcohol and smoking are hazardous to prenatal development and may cause long term struggles with intelligence and cause defects.

A baby’s genes are determined at conception. If something is faulty at this stage, this can have a huge impact on the child’s development. This may be physical or intellectual. If a mother takes drugs or smokes when pregnant, there is an increased chance of delivering an underweight baby at birth. It can also lead to cognitive problems for the child as they get older.

During pregnancy that are existing factors that can affect the development of the foetus and that can bring health and other problems when the child is born, which the child can carry for the rest of her/his life, these

* During pregnancy-: If the mother smokes ,takes drugs, becomes ill or suffers from stress or anxiety this can result in premature birth and health problems for the baby such as -: low birth weight, undeveloped organs, problems with sight and hearing. These are all problems that could delay their development. Some children are born with conditions that could affect their development such as a blood disorder.

Meggitt, C., 2006. Child Development : an illustrated guide. 2nd Ed. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/dundeecollege-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3384832

Describe the expected pattern of children and young people's development from birth to 19 years, to include:

| Peer centred relationships now of high importance. Peer acceptance of great importance to self esteem. An interest developing in sexual relationships, experimenting may start to occur. Peer groups begin to separate in those of attraction, mutual interests and more closely bonded friendships made. The youth experiments with social roles and explores options for career choice.

* They begin in some instances to feed themselves, though lacking the needed coordination, resulting in a lot of mess.

These causes specifically are completely biochemical, occurring within the chemical processes that develop the fetus. A single gene defect goes hand in hand with inheritance. All genes are inherited therefore so are bad genes; a single gene defect is that, a gene for a disease is inherited and manifests as a birth defect. Then, there’s chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomes are those structures within our cells that contain genes. If an abnormality occurs (such as a replacement, of one piece of the gene for another) this will also results in a birth defect within the fetus.

"Women who undergo vaginal births avoid major surgery and its associated risks, such as severe bleeding, scarring, infections, reactions to anesthesia and more longer pain." (Nierenberg) For the mother, "the experience of actively delivering a baby is exciting and empowering. (Why Choose Vaginal Birth). "Vaginal birth is the essence of femininity to most women. It biologically and physically links all women. It is also an expression of a woman's sexuality." (Why Choose Vaginal Birth) Another reason that women would rather have a vaginal birth is because, "from a psychological standpoint, women who go through with a vaginsl delivery are said to have a more positive birthing experience." (Vaginal Delivery vs C-Section) There are several positives for the baby in a vaginal delivery. One positive is, "during a vaginal delivery, muscles involved in the process are more likely to squeeze out fluid found in a newborns lungs." (Nierenberg) "Babies born via vaginal delivery tend to

Smoking causes problems in birth, some are preterm birth, the way the placenta attaches to the uterus, increase your baby's heart rate, and increase the chances of miscarriage

Smoking and illicit drugs play a factor in birth defects. Smoking can cause low- birth weight, heart disease, respiratory issues and, have been linked to cleft palate. Poor control of diabetes is a major risk factor of birth defects. Women who do not get screened or remain in compliance with treatment recommendations suffer and as a result infants die because of poorly control

Childhood development encompasses the cognitive, physical, social, moral and emotional changes from birth until the end of adolescence (White, Hayes & Livesey, 2013). Throughout childhood, environment and genetics promote or discourage growth and development. This essay will analyse the cognitive, physical, social, moral and emotional domains in relativity to my own development from the prenatal stage until adolescence. Psychological and environmental theories are used to develop the understanding and connection between each domain and stage of development. Lastly, this essay will address the controversial nature verses nurture debate and its relevance to my childhood development.

There are many different things that shape the cognitive development of children. To begin with cognitive development is when a child develops how to process, solve problems, and start making decisions. Once they have learned this they take everything they have learned into their adolescence. An example, of what can shape the cognitive development of a child can be an educational game. Educational games can be very useful in shaping a child’s development because they are having fun while learning at the same time and what kid doesn’t like to play games, the fact that it is even educational makes it even better for them. Not only are they having fun but there are many different games that help in different categories of development in

Infants can and do create emotional bonds and attachments to multiple people. The most important attachment is usually with the mother and father, as they are typically responsible for being responsive and attentive to the infants