Intelligence And The Theory Of Intelligence Essay

If you had that one piece of the puzzle that would have prevented the bombings of the twin towers in New York and the Pentagon on September 11 2001 would you know it? If you saw someone do something weird or suspicious before the attack on September 11 2001, would you have called the police? If someone had walked into a United States Embassy in a foreign country and said that they know someone was going to use a plane to destroy New York in two days, could this have stopped the attack? Intelligence Analysis puts the raw sources of information together, make predictions based on the data, and finally publish the results.

     A renowned professor of education and psychology at Harvard University, Howard Gardner has radically changed the way we look at intelligence. In 1983 Gardner published the first of two books that theorize that there are multiple intelligences. Gardner believes “that human cognitive competence is better described in terms of a set of abilities, talents, or mental skills, which we call “intelligence” (378). Gardner’s theory dismisses the idea that intelligence is a single attribute of the mind and suggests that there are different types of intelligences that account for different human

Charles Spearman’s theory (1904) also takes the psychometric approach that there is a general intelligence. Spearman maintains that intelligence is hereditary and an individual is born with their maximum mental ability. This suggests that intelligence cannot be changed or strengthened. The concept of ‘general intelligence’ suggests that an individual has an underlying intelligence, in which their performance in one type of cognitive task is often similar to their performance in another (Boundless 2013). Spearman demonstrated this through the correlations between tests, where individuals who performed well in one test, often performed well in others. This led Spearman to the conclusion that intelligence is defined as a single factor. However, critics refute Spearman’s conclusions, as they argue that one cannot reduce all factors of intelligence to an indefinable “g” (Neisser et al. 1996).

It wasn’t until the year 1920 that different types of intelligence were defined. It was proposed by a man named EL Thorndike, and he separated the different types of intelligence into three categories: abstract, mechanical, and social intelligence. Years later, it was argued that social intelligence is somewhat

It is practically impossible for a nation’s intelligence community to detect and prevent every attack on its soil. However, the American failure to uncover the 9/11 plot should be considered a massive failure considering the scope of the attack which involved careful planning, training many perpetrators, and a high profile target with many victims. Furthermore it can be demonstrated that there were many signals and opportunities to discover the plot that the intelligence machinery missed. “Hindsight is 20/20” and there needs to be an understanding of how easy it is to look back at how the intelligence gathered before the attacks should have signaled a serious threat, and thus provoked the unraveling of the 9/11 plot had the intelligence community picked up on and discriminated the signals from the noise. . However, there is evidence that the US intelligence community’s failure to link the information they had differentiated from the “background noise” as representing a possible terrorist threat points to the entire failure of the intelligence system. Therefore, while a nation’s intelligence system and the communities supporting it cannot be expected to succeed 100% of the time, this incident pointed at a 100% failure of the American intelligence community. Although it is recognized that many factors contributed to this failure, there is evidence that the organizational structure and culture both within the individual intelligence agencies and amid the intelligence

How is intelligence determined? Is it the ability to achieve a high score on a test or is it more than some questions on a paper with a score? Intelligence is defined by Oxford Dictionary as the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. The true nature of intelligence lies within deeper aspects of a person's life that does not have a definitive score. This means a person who is deemed dull or unintelligent by society, may be intelligent in other parts of their life. Intelligence should be defined as different aspects of an individual's life like creativity, morality, or emotional intelligence rather than an IQ score in order to develop a society that values all kinds of intelligence and limits stereotypes.

Throughout the years, psychologists have been discussing what exactly is intelligence. Is intelligence your ability to perform well on analytical tests, or is it something more common, like your ability to survive on your own? If one person scores high in english, and another in math are they both still intelligent? This is the debate that had been on going the past few decades, and while we still have no concrete answer, we do have a variety of theories.

Intelligence is the general capacity of a person to adjust consciously his thinking to a new requirement. It is the combination of general and specific abilities that a person possesses in coping with the problem of his everyday living. Also according to studies the non-cognitive aspects of intelligence is also important for adaptation and success that

When a person utters the word “intelligence,” people tend to think of a genius like Albert Einstein developing some obscure equation that the great majority of the population will never understand. The problem with the definition of intelligence is that people relate intelligence to words like “genius” which require intelligence but do not have the same definition as intelligence. Often, people try to use related words to define intelligence, but these words are unable to define intelligence since many are only different levels of intelligence. While many definitions try to encompass the meaning of intelligence and various definitions describe a small part of intelligence, no definition completely explains intelligence, because

Since childhood I can remember how the term “IQ” could make or break a person’s dignity and credibility all in one. Through the years a line has been drawn that to this day categorizes a person’s abilities both mentally and physically. Statements like “He is street smart, not book smart” have been used and overused in today’s society. Although research and new learning strategies have been in development since the 1980s, much of society still sees intelligence in this limited manner. Though the course of this paper we will look at theories for measuring intelligence. We will also explore how memory plays a major role in developing intelligence and the effect these factors have on learning.

Cognitive psychology is defined as the internal mental processes, or how human beings process information. Cognition itself refers to mental actions of acquiring knowledge and understanding through: “experience, and the sensory input,” resulting in a sense of perception and notion (http://spl.stanford.edu/pdfs/2001%20Emotions%20-%20Emotional%20intelligence.pdf). Intelligence is an example of cognition, and the ongoing debate on intelligence and how to measure it intrigued me into further investigation. Moreover, recent research has touched on whether intelligence is determined exclusively by genes or by the environment of the individual.

Wechsler conceptualization of intelligence had been influenced by Spearman who pioneered the concept of g as global intelligence. Although Spearman was reluctant to call g global intelligence, Wechsler pointed out that g does equal intelligence because it measured intellectual tasks exclusively. Spearman’s g factor was the

Intelligence can determines what classes you take, what jobs you get, your level of education, your type of lifestyle, your future and etc.… Intelligence is an important factor in our lives but what exactly is it? Intelligence has many different meanings due to different investigators having numerous definitions of it. For example, in a 1921 conference, American psychologists Lewis M. Terman and Edward L. Thorndike contrasted over the definition of intelligence, Terman believed that intelligence was the ability to think abstractly while Thorndike alleged that intelligence was learning and the ability to give good responses to questions (Sternberg, 2014). Overtime, psychologists have been able to come up with a general meaning, which is

Everyone has their own unique ability to understand complex ideas and use reasoning to solve a problem. These capabilities are what we typically associate with intelligence. However, intelligence cannot easily be defined by a single IQ number on a scale or even by saying someone is “smart” or “dumb” in a certain area of knowledge such as math or science. Each and every person is unique in their own respect and there are a multitude of facets that contribute to the way we measure and assess an individual’s abilities to understand or adapt to a given situation.

Humans are the most intelligent creature of all. Although, there is not one exact explanation of intelligence. According to Meriam Webster Dictionary, “Intelligent word originates from Latin- word intelligens, present participle of "intelligere", intellegere means to understand”, and definition of intelligence is, "the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills”. Although, various psychologists describe the intelligence in different terms. For example, Alfred Binet said, “Intelligence is something which sensory perception test or reaction time experiments measure” Spencer said, “Intelligence is the capacity of the organism to adjust itself to an increasingly complex environment” Terman said, “Intelligence is the