Intelligence Is The Most Intelligent Creature Of All

In “A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences”, Howard Gardner illustrates how there are a variety of intelligences. Gardner starts off with an example how IQ tests may predict achievement in school but may not predict achievement in life. After finding out certain parts of the brain are responsible for certain functions, such as “Broca’s Area” which is responsible for sentence production, Gardner proposes the existence of multiple intelligences. Multiple studies later led him to propose seven distinct intelligences; Musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Each intelligence has certain classifications. According to Gardner’s classifications, I realized my intelligences are bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, and intrapersonal.

Gottfredson, (1997) stated that intelligence is ‘a very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience.

What is intelligence to you? Intelligence to me is someone who is able to be creative and can think outside the box. There are many different ideas of intelligence, depending on the person you speak to. Many traits can go into being intelligent; therefore, there is no single underlying factor. Some simple traits are: creative, thinker, knowledge, the ability to set a goal and achieve it, and able to think outside the box. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, intelligence is “the ability to learn or understand things or to deal with new or difficult situations.” (www.merriam-webster.com) Our textbook says intelligence is “the ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experiences.” (Ch. 8, Pg. 247, Santrock)

Intelligence is an interesting concept and whilst we understand and can agree that it is what differentiates us from other all the other animals it is almost impossible to agree exactly how to measure it.

Charles Spearman’s theory (1904) also takes the psychometric approach that there is a general intelligence. Spearman maintains that intelligence is hereditary and an individual is born with their maximum mental ability. This suggests that intelligence cannot be changed or strengthened. The concept of ‘general intelligence’ suggests that an individual has an underlying intelligence, in which their performance in one type of cognitive task is often similar to their performance in another (Boundless 2013). Spearman demonstrated this through the correlations between tests, where individuals who performed well in one test, often performed well in others. This led Spearman to the conclusion that intelligence is defined as a single factor. However, critics refute Spearman’s conclusions, as they argue that one cannot reduce all factors of intelligence to an indefinable “g” (Neisser et al. 1996).

Intelligence tests even in these days remain somewhat controversial, from its interpretations, to their classifications in scoring on bell curves. So is the magnitude of debate, that many professionals in assessments question the value of these tests. One aspect of much controversy is the use of a single or multiple scores to determine intelligence. Some general intelligence assessments only use a score, g. This apparently reflects the variance underlying shared in different series of tests performance. Nevertheless, recent theories have suggested that human intelligence can be better measured in terms of multiple types of intelligence rather than a single score. One of those theories is the gf-gc; this theory indicates that there are two types of intelligence: f = fluid and c = crystalized.

Fluid and crystallized intelligence are factors of general intelligence, which also are present on IQ tests. Fluid intelligence is defined as “to reasoning and novel problem-solving ability” (Jeremy R. Gray, 2003). On the other hand, crystallized intelligence is defined as “accumulated information and verbal skills”(A tropical approach to Lifespan Development). Some examples of fluid

Intelligence is defined as the ability to acquire, understand, and apply knowledge and skills. It is also defined as having the ability to think and understand knowledge instead of performing actions that are based on instinct.The intelligent behavior of a machine is characterized as having the ability to achieve and perform the cognitive abilities and tasks similar to that of a human.

Two broad mental abilities are crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. Crystallized Intelligence involves accumulated knowledge and experience that all ties in with “wisdom”. Those who use this type of mental ability have good judgment and are experienced in social norms. This type of intelligence is measured on tests by vocabulary, general information, verbal comprehension and logical reasoning. Fluid intelligence is marked by the use of information processing skills. It involves the working memory, detection of relationships among visual stimuli, and the speed of analyzing information. This type of intelligence is measured on tests by spatial visualization, digit span, letter-number sequencing, and symbol search.

Intelligence, what exactly is intelligence? To some it might just be a score on a test, for others like myself it goes far beyond tests, but what exactly is it? Intelligence has been defined in many ways including one’s capacity for logic, abstract thought, understanding, self-awareness, communication, learning, emotional knowledge, memory, planning, creativity and problem solving. Other definitions portray intelligence to be less complex and more of a single general ability. Intelligence has been one of the most controversial topics among psychologists and you see why that is. My take on intelligence is very dimensional, meaning how can we really measure intelligence if we’re not even 100% sure of what it really is. I believe all human beings have the audacity and

The g factor theory states that there is a basic intelligence and that having excellence in one area of intelligence often correlates with a raised intelligence in another area. The Primary Mental Abilities theory states that there are seven clusters of intelligence: perceptual speed, numerical ability, word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, inductive reasoning, and memory. The Multiple Intelligence Triarchy theory, often the most commonly encountered, states that intelligence

Intelligence can be described in many ways with many tests focusing on an individual’s cognitive abilities and failing to account for the social and practical aspects of intelligence. Tests to measure intelligence vary immensely and test different types of intelligence; such as Emotional Intelligence, which has proved popular in more recent years. Although researchers are unable to agree upon a general definition of intelligence they do agree that there are 2 factors to be included in a broad definition: an individual’s ability to adapt to their environment and a capacity to learn from experience (Sternberg and Detterman, 1986). Tests do not , however, measure these components

By definition, intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. It is determined by the ways we are able to solve problems, our mathematical skills, interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge, and naturalist intelligence. We are able to test our personal intelligent through many different quizzes called IQ tests. One of the most popular ones being the Stanford Binet tests, which is used as a good resource to test the intelligence of students. However, it is questionable whether or not IQ tests are very accurate.

One might dare to define intelligence as the ability to obtain and apply knowledge and skills, or as the capacity to learn, comprehend, or deal with new or difficult situation in order to adapt to or modify our environment or to process abstract thoughts. However, on a paper defined by Shane and Hutter as "a survey of a large number of informal definitions of “intelligence” that [they] collected over the years (A Collection of Definitions, 2007)," the authors acknowledged that "a complete list would be impossible as many definitions of intelligence are buried deep inside articles and books (idem)." Beyond their own recognition about the limits of their compilation, even after careful analysis carried out by philosophers, psychologists and other scientists throughout human history, still there is not a definite, cover-all definition of intelligence. Maybe we still do not possess sufficient intelligence to reach such achievement at this point of our evolution.

The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a critique of the standard psychological view of intellect: there is a single intelligence, adequately measured by IQ or other short answer tests. Instead, on the basis of evidence from disparate sources, the theory claims that human beings have a number of relatively discrete intellectual capacities. IQ tests assess linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, and sometimes spatial intelligence; they are a reasonably good predictor of who will do well in school. This is because humans have several other significant intellectual capacities (Harvard University).