Intelligence Operations of the Offensive and Espionage in Naval Warfare of World War I

Did the submarines only serve a military purpose or did they help in other ways?

One may ask, how did the battle begin, the battle of the Atlantic started the war and on September 3rd, 1939, the day of pre-position German U-Boats begun to attack British Merchant Ships. A merchant marine is the fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a country, they send supplies to the Allies during the war, but they were the main target from the German U-boats. Since the Canadian Merchant Navy was relatively small, Germany expected nothing from us, neither the United States. Although Adolf Hitler placed several restrictions on U-boats, saying that they can not attack on any passenger ships, even if they were escorted in a convoy, they still did. A German submarine sank a British Liner, Athenia, a 13 580 ton passenger liner of the Donaldson line, and the public opinion shook.

The U-boats one of Germany’s of most intimidating naval weapons. The U-boat, also known as a submarine, which is a boat that could go underwater. The common U-boat during World War One could carry 35 men and 12 torpedoes (history.com). The Germans would use the element of surprise by torpedoing ships such as their enemies or neutral countries.For example, the ship the Lusitania, a british ocean liner that had been coming from New York to Liverpool had been torpedoed without warning, which ended up killing 1,189 people. The Germans would use the U-boat for unrestricted warfare which caused the Germans’ to have one of the most

American trade with the Allies tripled to $3 billion a year between 1914 and 1916 and helped economic recovery in the United States. Berlin then decided on unrestricted submarine warfare, beginning of February 1917, to starve Britain into terms. The Germans were having trouble receiving any goods from the U.S. and other nations, as the British Navy had placed an impenetrable blockade around the European continent. Suffering from a severe lack of supplies and food, Germany consequently began a great submarine campaign in February of

Following Britain’s blockade, Germany adopted a counterstrategy of unrestricted sinking ships in open seas. The first action was the sinking of the Lusitania. In the afternoon of May 15th a German submarine torpedoed the cruise liner where 123 American men, women and children lost their lives (Simpson, 1972). In addition the Sussex, a passenger ferry was torpedoed one year later. Germany forces has violated the pact of naval warfare as well as hindered the American’s high sea trade. Despite holding isolationism, the conflict has significantly affected the United States. The events are not only a threat to the sovereignty but will also cripple down

Jessica Kasparian Period 3 Cause of World War 1 “If even one person is left standing at the end of a war, then the fight was worth it,” Garrus Vakarian, Mass Effect 3. World War 1 was one of the cruelest wars ever with more than 10 million deaths and 20 million wounded. With the major conflict with the alliances, World War 1 shifted how the world is now. There were many reason why World War 1 occurred.

Espionage in World War 2 to Post-War was a rampant epidemic that involved high levels of trickery, psychological tactics, and incognito infiltration; consequently, many different countries were involved in retrieving various pieces of information that could have been detrimental had the Axis or Allies retained these blueprints, documents, and possibly voice recordings. In World War 2 every piece of evidence was needed. The war efforts in various countries were at somewhat of a hault considering how similar every territories technology was. A new spin on an old tactic was needed to gain upper hands in this monumental battle of bulk. So many countries turned to spying as a last resort. Though spying has its immense share of dangers,

1.1: Before an actual invasion, the issue of the German U-boats had to be resolved. In the Atlantic ocean, allied ships that were carrying

The Allies then began to plan a ground invasion of the Dardanelles and sent two submarines into the straits. Unfortunately, they too were lost to mines. Luckily, the British submarine HMS B11 managed to enter into the strait unharmed and on December 13, 1959. It sunk the Ottoman Battleship, Mesûdiye. It was docked at Sari Sighlar Bay and was being used as a floating fortress by the Ottomans. The Allies also managed to use their submarines to overpower the Ottomans in the Sea of Marmara. They were able to sink large numbers of Ottoman ships, including, one battleship, one destroyer, five gunboats, eleven troop transports, forty-four supply ships, and 148 sailing vessels between April and December, 1915, while only losing eight submarines themselves. This forced the Ottomans to abandon the Sea of Marmara as a trade route and was

The development of the allied military strategy in World War II (WWII) presented challenges for the U.S. and Great Britain as they worked together to defeat the Axis powers. First, this paper will review the environment at the time of WWII when Admiral Stark penned the “Plan Dog” memorandum and MAJ Wedemeyer’s War Defense Team put together the “Victory Plan”. Next, it will look at the advantages and disadvantages of coalition operations with supporting examples. Then, a review of two major meetings between U.S. and Great Britain will identify what strategic decisions were made and the effects they have on the war. Finally, this paper will explore the foundations of strategy (Clausewitz and Sun Tzu) by which the allied forces used and

​But however Britain was the country America did the most trading with, and they had ships traveling over the seas all the time and that became a problem between Germany and the United States. And that is when Germany announced unlimited warfare in the Atlantic ocean against all ships in February 1915. The warning said this “Vessels flying the flag of great Britain, or any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those waters and that travelers sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own risk” (historyinanhour.com) So all ships neutral or not if they entered the war zone around Britain, they would be attacked by the German U-boats and if they did decide to travel over the Atlantic in the war zone, they did it at their own risk because the warning was made clear. (http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germans-unleash-u-boats)

John Sweetman's Tirpitz: Hunting the Beast recounts British attempts to neutralize the German battleship TIRPITZ during World War II. TIRPITZ spent most of the war in Norwegian waters threatening Allied convoys to Murmansk, as well as creating the potential to breakout into the Atlantic like her sister ship, BISMARCK. The British perception of the threat posed by TIRPITZ arguably exceeded its reality. But as a “fleet in being,” the German battleship required the Royal Navy to keep one modern dreadnought and one fleet carrier, plus consorts, in home waters during times when such vessels were sorely needed in the Mediterranean and later in the Far East.

On February 3, 1915 the Germans set for a Proclamation which state that the waters around the British Isles were to be considered an official war zone. Therefore the Germans felt they had the right to sink any ship that entered what they consider to be the war zone. Germany continued to sink merchant vessels without thinking of the safety of passengers and its crew. This was violation of the international rules of warfare.

Germany's High Seas Fleet's intention was to lure out, trap and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, as the German naval force was insufficient to openly engage the entire British fleet.

The other aspect of Germany's Weltpolitik that caused anxiety was their wish for a strong German navy. The Kaiser believed the fleet was necessary in order to support German interests across the globe. However this fleet was also aimed at negating the naval power of Britain. Admiral von Tirpitz designed the German naval fleet in order to have enough battleships to be able to substantially weaken Britain enough that Britain would no longer have an adequate fleet if the two powers came ever came to battle. Mark McAndrew argues that the whole basis of German naval policy was to intimidate Britain with little regard for the international tension it would create. In fact as early as 1896, members of the German government recognised that by developing their navy they would antagonize Britain and risk a major war. This knowledge did not restrain the Kaiser, nor Tirpitz. In a letter to the Kaiser's brother, Admiral Georg von Muller wrote "Either we harness the total strength of the nation, ruthlessly, even if it means accepting the risk of a major war, or we limit ourselves to continental power alone." The British quickly realised the implications of Germany's new naval policy and a naval arms race broke out between the two countries each trying to build more dreadnaughts (the most advanced type of