Intelligent Transmission And Distribution Of Smart Grid Technology

A Power system is an connection of generators to load centres. Through H.V. electrical lines & in general is controlled mechanically. It can be divided into 3 subsystems: Generation, X’mission and Distribution-systems. The electric power demand is Growing and building of new generating units & transmission circuits is becoming difficult because of environmental & economic reasons. So, power utilities are forced to depend on utilization of existing generating units and to load existing lines close to their heating limits.

SCADA is one of the oldest methods to control data across a network. Unlike many other software’s used in the industry, SCADA can be used in any field, be it in electrical power control, mechanical machinery, civil projects, data managements etc. This versatility means more than one type of system, for example both electrical and mechanical systems can be controlled by one software from the same place at the same time.

The smart distribution transformer and its controllers were evaluated through simulations using PLECS simulation platform. The system specifications used to design the simulation model are given in Table 3.

Accordingly, this document has been developed to provide information regarding DTL Power and the measures that have been developed and implemented to safeguard its information and information systems from a cyber threat. This document is broken down into several sections that will provide an analysis of DTL Power and the energy sector; as well as the effectiveness of cybersecurity technology/policies in the energy sector, the team’s cyber strategy, and budget.

The power system is installed within 5 electrical substations with emergency equipment, generators, medium voltage panels and transformers.This installation makes the power distribution to Petrobras Headquarters UOBS, which currently controls its offshore operation units (oil platform).The power system is divided into the following subsystems:

The DOE was established to organize disjointed regulatory processes and create a national energy plan (Kuder et al., 2010). One of the main functions of the DOE is to monitor and report on the security of the smart grid. The primary objective of the reports are to provide data that may be

For the purpose of this discussion, the specifics of the electrical energy system in the United States are not important, rather an introduction to the basic elements of the system, who they serve, how they relate the larger whole and how they are regulated will suffice. On a most basic level the electrical grid, or system, in the United States is comprised of three basic components; the generation of electrical energy, transmission of this energy, and the distribution of this energy to end consumers.

The core of this framework has five basic functions as it relates to cybersecurity: identify, protect, detect, respond, and recover (Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity). With regard to required compliance versus voluntary security, compliance with regulations does not ensure security. The BES consists of both generation and transmission assets and devices, but does not include system distribution. There are also potential risks associated with the technologies and operations of the distribution system though, so the distribution system must be included in the cybersecurity discussion. One such distribution security risk involves the increasing popularity of smart meters and the fact that there are no cybersecurity regulations associated with them. Of all the BES components, cyberattacks on transmission assets and devices pose the greatest risk to public safety due to a greater potential impact than attacks on other types of BES components. For example, the knockout of a transmission substation that is only the connection between multiple power lines, would have a higher

This report covers the real-time system design and the different components of the SCADA Energy Management System. Specifically, this report will focus on the General Electric XA/21 SCADA system and how it all fits together and how it provides a solution to end-users and administrators. The XA/21 is a very scalable and customizable system and that will be described at great length in this report (General Electric, 2013).

According to the case study written by Jurek, Bras, Guldberg, D’Arcy, Oh, and Biller, energy costs were steadily rising and were predicted to continue this trend going into the future. At the same time, utility companies were beginning to implement Smart Grid technologies to increase the efficiency of energy distribution. One resulting program to emerge from

“Distributed renewables and smart grid technologies are the future. We’re challenging the energy industry and reinventing how things are done. We’ve built Piclo - an online Peer-to-Peer Energy Marketplace that lets people buy and sell energy directly.” (Openutility.com, 2016)

Base layer is base for smart grid and self-healing control system and this base layer is collection of power grid and its equipment. The Support layer is collection of data and communication. Main function of this layer is to control the transmission of data and communication between different nodes. High speed, bi directional, real time transmission and communication is held by this layer. The application layer is collection of monitoring, decision-making, restoration.

Today, it has become necessary to control energy consumption. The main aim of energy automation is to protect the energy. To minimize the risks. Basic principles of automation;

The use of IoT has already impacted the way cities operate. The term smart cities, is used to describe a city that possesses an IoT oriented infrastructure. “In a smart city, the digital technologies translate into better public services for inhabitants and better use of resources while reducing environmental impacts”. [3] For a smart city to be feasible, IoT must provide intelligence, interconnection, and instrumentation. Wi-Fi-enabled smart devices and low-cost sensors are components of the smart city and allow devices a way to communicate with the public via the internet. These devices collect real-time data, which not only improves the lives of residents, but transforms several sectors of public service as well. Transportation has been revolutionized by smart traffic management systems which gather data from an array of magnetic road sensors and hundreds of cameras. The result is less delay at major stop lights and increased travel speeds, because enabled drivers can see which lights are busy and monitor these areas for other vehicles and pedestrians. To lower traffic and driver search times for parking spots, parking sensors that detect parking-spaces for drivers are installed in major cities. Street lights use a method of energy saving known as adaptive lighting which enables them to determine their brightness setting, appropriate for a given situation. The smart city solution to conserving energy is through smart girds. A smart grid serves several energy management

Large-scale smart grid initiatives require fast and accurate monitoring of power system network. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is one of the major components which are increasingly deployed in the power system network to provide the necessary infrastructure to cater smart grid requirements. PMUs provide time synchronized measurement of voltage and current phasors (Phadke and Thorp 2008) from different nodes of the power system network, which is used for monitoring and control. NASPI (March 2015) and NERC (September 2016) suggest use of phasor data from the PMUs to perform verification of dynamic models as well as validating parameters of power plant models. A parameter identification toolbox for power system models developed using the