Intensity Of Exercise Research

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

In addition a small rise in breathing rate and this is called anticipatory rise, this happens when exercising. The average reading for breaths per minute during exercise is 23-30. This shows that with more blood pumping through the body more oxygen is needed to keep the body at a sustainable rate to help our body create more energy. Our breathing rate will keep increasing until

Before the exercise the breathing decreased when I was counting how many breaths I can take in a minute. However whilst breathing, my breathing rate was not normal but it was essential for me to keep the results reliable.

The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).

Why does heart rate increase from lying down to standing and again when the participants start to exercise?

1. What caused the change in HR with exercise? Muscles use more oxygen and glucose from the blood with increased movement. This produces wastes that decrease blood pH below the normal range causing an increase in heart rate. The heart rate increase delivers blood to the lungs and kidneys more quickly so these organs can remove the wastes from the body. The faster the muscles use energy and create waste, the faster the heart must pump blood. 2. Discuss the effect of venous

Breathing is known as ventilation; and the act of hyperventilation is over-breathing or taking more breaths in per minute than the normal rate. Hyperventilating is a demonstration of a person’s breathing control center, however it causes stress to a person’s body (Campbell et al, 2006). Blood picks up oxygen as it travels and when exercise is introduced the rate of respiration increases to introduce more blood to the oxygen, keeping up with a person’s lungs. The body still taking in breaths at a higher pace than normal, has a different effect on the respiratory rate and system than the act of hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is less controlled, which is the cause of damage due to rapid breathing that purges the blood of so much CO2 that the control center temporarily ceases to send signals to the rib muscles and diaphragm; breathing continues when the CO2 levels increase enough to switch the breathing center back on (Simon et al, 2006).

-How do different activities affect heart rate? Different activities affect heart rate by making one's heart rate either increasing, decreasing, or staying steady. We proved that different activities affect heart rate by doing different exercises from intense to easy exercises our experiment showed us that the more intense the exercise the more your heart rate increase and when you stop doing said exercise and sit down your heart will over time decrease you can see this because when we ran our heart rate would spike but once we were don and sat down it would gradually go down. 2.

The increase in oxidative capacity is achieved by an increase in the number of mitochondria (An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.) within the muscle cells, an increase in the supply of ATP and an increase in the quantity of enzymes involved in respiration. Another long term change that occurs due to training is that the heart gets larger; the result in the change is due to increased stress on the heart. The extra work of pumping blood against the increased pressure causes the heart wall to thicken over time, the same way a body muscle increases in mass in response to weightlifting. A long term change in the cardiovascular system as a result of training is that the resting heart rate gets lower, the cardiovascular response happens because a person that has been training for a long time has a lower heart rate because through exercise, they have a stronger heart; meaning that an athlete 's heart can pump more blood and more oxygen out with one pump than a non-athlete 's heart could. Another long term response in the cardiovascular system is that the blood supply increases, this change is due to your body needing more oxygen because you are exercising, your muscles and all your body organs are needing more energy and oxygen, this is because your body is working more than usual. Your body needs to do many things such as sweat, which helps you cool down, and to

Whist moving and exercising the body desperately needs a lot of oxygenits the hearts job to push all of these rich oxiginated red blood cells around the body but the more vigorous the exercise then the more oxygen needed so the heart has to pump harder and faster other wise oxygen wont be put into the places where its really needed leding to a build up of lactic acid causing the muscles to fatigue if the heart is required to do this often then it will grow stronger and will be able to cope with the intensity. At the start of exercise, the nerves in the brain detect cardiovascular activity. these nerves can then make the heart rate increase by sending out chemical messages, as well as the strength at which the heart

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

When exercise is undertaken more oxygen is used for the necessary organs, therefore resulting in CO2, once a gas exchange has occurred. When put under stress the body responded by increasing the heart rate, by enlarging the arterioles and venules to allow more oxygenated blood to flow to the necessary muscles and decreasing the size of ones that weren’t as important. In order to keep up with the demand for oxygenated blood, the breathing rate increased drastically. The method was relatively effective for recording the necessary data. However, some modifications had to be made such as: the amount of laps on the stairs. This changed to two laps, as once was believed to not provide enough varying data. The method could have been improved by ensuring that, once completed, the person performing was at or very close to their resting heart and breathing rate before commencing the next exercise as this would be one factor in providing inaccurate results. Another improvement is that, rather than running a certain amount of time (stairs), the person would run for a length of time and then test their heart and breathing rate as some people may not finish, and therefore put their body through enough stress, to provide difference within their

Training and fitness work have a very noticeable effect on the cardiovascular system. The duration and level of the exercise increases the muscles contractions more often and therefore resulting on the demand of more oxygen and the removal of waste products. In order to put up with extra demands the circulatory system must work more efficiently. The heart will therefore become more increasingly efficient, as this will result in the amount of blood pumped with each heartbeat increases also known as cardiac output.

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

The heart rate is a measurement of how many times the heart beats in a minute. Physically fit people tend to have a lower heart rate and during intense exercise tend to have lower rates as well. A decrease of heart rate at both rest and at fixed intensity of sub-maximal exercise [7] occurs a few months after an exercise program is begun. One’s heart rate reflects the amount of work the heart must do to meet an increase of demands of the body when engaged in activity. Heart Rate tends to increase proportionally with intensity oxygen uptake [16].