Interatrial Septum Failure

The heart consists into three layers in which are endocardium, the myocardium, and the epicardium. The endocardium is the inner layer of the heart (chambers and valves). The myocardium is the middle muscular layer which is responsible for heart contraction. The epicardium is the outside layer of the heart

A septal defect is the connection between left and right side of the heart. The opening in the atrial septum permits left to right shunting of blood. The opening may be small, as when the foramen ovale fails to close, or large, as when the septum may be completely absent.

Formation of the inter-atrial septum divides the primitive atrium into the right and left atrium. As discussed in (Jacobs C.J, 2006, pp. 89-100), the septum starts to form with the growth of the septum primum from the roof towards the endocardial cushions. The opening that forms between the septum primum and endocardial cushions is the ostium primum, this primum eventually fuses with the endocardial cushions and closes. Before the ostium primum closes cell death occurs at the upper portions of the septum primum and results in the ostium secundum. Simultaneously another septum forms, septum secundum on the right of the septum primum. Septum secundum grows until it overlaps the ostium

You have four chambers in your heart. Two atria in the upper half of the heart and two ventricles

The left chamber, lower at the heart, takes in oxygenated blood through the mitral valve from the left atrium while it contracts. The aortic valve leading to the aorta is closed while this occurs. At the same time, the aortic valve leading to the aorta is closed giving the ventricle the opportunity to fill with blood. The ventricles contract as both ventricles are full. When the left ventricles contract, the aortic valve opens as the mitral valve closes. When the mitral valve closes it prevents blood from coming back into the left atrium and the opening of the aortic valve giving way for the blood to flow into the aorta. From there it goes throughout the body. The left and right ventricles also contract together, but when the left ventricle

The heart is a very complex organ that is necessary for life. The heart is responsible for bringing oxygenated blood around the body. There are two main ways of transportation of blood around the body. The arteries go around the body and bring the oxygenated blood to various parts of the body. Once the oxygenated blood is utilized, it is brought back to the heart by the veins. The heart is broken into four major chambers that are separated by four major valves. There are two atria, which are located at the top of the heart, and two ventricles, which are located at the lower half of the heart. [5] The atria and ventricles are connected by the Mitral (bicuspid), tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valve. Each valve closed after the contraction to

The heart is made up of four chambers. The upper chambers are called atria, and the lower chambers are called ventricles.

Atrial septal defect(ASD) is a common congenital heart disease with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 2:1.The most common type of Atrial Septal Defect is a secundum defect which is characterized by a defect in the inter atrial septum which allows pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium. Normally the patients with Atrial Septal Defect remain asymptomatic up to third or fourth decade of life and in the middle age some clinical symptoms can be observed. A "shunt" is the presence of a net flow of blood through the defect, either from left to right or right to left. The amount of shunting actually determines the hemodynamic significance of the ASD. A "right-to-left-shunt" typically presents the more

The heart is a very strong muscle that has one major job. The heart’s job is to pump blood throughout the entire body. The heart is made up of 4 chambers, and 4 valves. There is the right and left atrium, and a right and left ventricle. The atriums are the superior chambers, and the ventricles are inferior chambers. The left ventricle is the most important, because that is where the blood travels through to go to the aorta, and eventually the rest of the body (Taylor 2015).

The upper two chambers, atria, carry blood to the heart. The lower two chambers, ventricles, carry blood out of the heart. In the pulmonary circuit, blood flows from the veins to the right atrium to the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. In the systemic circuit, blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle to the aorta to the branching arteries to the capillaries throughout the body. The heart has valves to prevent the backward flow of blood. Atrioventricular valves separate the atria and ventricles. The pulmonary valve and aortic valve separate the ventricles and arteries. A heartbeat is the sound the valves make as they open and

The heart is divided into four chambers; the superior chambers (atria) receive blood and are connected to the inferior chambers (ventricle), through the atrioventricular valves. Once in the ventricles, blood is ejected to the vasculature through the semilunar valves. These valves, similar to the ones in the veins, ensure the unidirectionality of blood flow.

The heart chambers have four valves categorized as atrioventricular or semilunar valves (Elisha, 2014). The atrioventricular valves include the tricuspid and mitral valves (Elisha, 2014). The semilunar valves include the aortic and pulmonary valves (Elisha, 2014). The tricuspid valve, located within the right atrioventricular orifice, lies between the right atrium (RA) and the right ventricle (RV) (Elisha, 2014). The mitral valve situated in the left atrioventricular orifice between the left atrium (LA) and left

In the heart there are two superior receiving chambers (atria) and two inferior pumping chambers (ventricles). The atria receive blood from the veins returning blood to the heart. The ventricles eject blood from the heart in to arteries to be carried all over the body. Each anterior surface of the atrium has an auricle; each auricle slightly increases the capacity of the atrium so it can hold a greater volume of blood. The differences in structure of these chambers reflect the varying nature of their functions.

The inside of the heart is separated into four chambers, the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The ventricles hold responsibility for pumping blood around the body and they are the thickest muscle of the heart. The two atria form the curved top of the heart and the ventricles join at the bottom of the heart to create a pointed base which is directed towards the left side of the chest. The left ventricle contracts most forcefully, in order for the heart beat to be felt most strongly on the left side of the chest. A wall, known as the septum, divides the right and left sides of the heart and a valve connects each atrium to the ventricle below it. The mitral or bicuspid valve connects the left atrium with the left ventricle. The tricuspid valve connects the right atrium with the right ventricle.

-Myocardium- This is the muscular wall of the heart. It also forms a septum separating the right and