Intermittent Claudication: Peripheral Arterial Disease

The growth of Room 40’s atherosclerosis progressed until an acute arterial occlusion was formed, which stopped blood flow to the tissue. The atherosclerosis consisted of complicated lesions that led to a decrease in blood flow and the presence of a thrombus, ultimately resulting in thea lack of blood flow to the right foot and lower leg. Thrombi often appear after a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque (Coneliue, 2014). This lack of blood flow led to necrosis of the tissues in the right foot and lower leg and ultimately resulted in the need for the AKA.

This is a 81 year old female admitted to Derby health rehab. She has a history of bilateral leg cellulitis. She has history of diabetic neuropathy. She normally wears support hose Patients reported numbness on her BLE and decreased sensation. It was worse with movement, relieved by rest. She could not bear weight on them. This morning pt seem to be weak and poor in her balance and reported numbness to her BLE and decreased in her

Peripheral Arterial Disease is a common secondary disease that follows Atherosclerosis. Once so much plaque builds up in the arteries, they become block the blood flow. P.A.D. usually affects the lower extremities and can cause intermittent claudication and, if severe enough, gangrene. Many people live with atherosclerosis and P.A.D. and show no symptoms. There are numerous prevention methods for P.A.D that is similar to preventing any cardiovascular disease. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is by far, the best form of prevention.

Angina pectoris is a symptom of underlying heart condition. It is characterized with symptoms such as severe pressing chest pain or heaviness radiating to the neck, jaw back and arm. The primary cause of angina pectoris is the imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and the oxygen supplied by the coronary artery.

The key pathophysiological mechanism that influence complications associated with PVD is impaired perfusion in the lower limbs that causes limb ischaemia. PVD can be asymptomatic; however, symptomatic PVD includes intermittent claudication (IC) and critical limb ischemia (CLI). IC is the symptom of pain in the lower limbs on exertion which is alleviated by resting. CLI is the most progressed form of PVD, and is distinguished by rest pain, ischaemic ulceration, and foot gangrene. CLI patient has a high risk of limb loss and death. Mr. Guzys was diagnosed with acute arterial embolism in his right popliteal artery that resulted in acute limb ischaemia (ALI). ALI is the sudden interruption in limb perfusion, caused by thrombosis or embolism,

Venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis are considered to be distinct pathophysiological processes due to their evident anatomical variances. With one having to deal with platelet activation while the other involving the clotting system activation, arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis are similar yet vastly different when it comes to the processes that are performed for the body. These same processes that help the body have to be performed accordingly or the signs and symptoms begin to show. For instance, venous thrombosis can lead to Chronic Venous Insuffiency and other issues when a body part is congested. This is most commonly causes by valvular incompetence in the low-pressure superficial venous system; however, it can also be causes

We report a case of a 46-year-old Caucasian female with asymmetric lower limbs edema and a feeling of heaviness in the limb, especially at the end of the day and in hot weather, starting to 2 years ago. She also described Raynaud's phenomenon in hands and feet, lasting for more than 15 years. Digital ulceration and cardiorespiratory, genitourinary or gastrointestinal symptoms were denied. No histories of trauma, travel outside Europe, recurrent infections or malignancy were reported. Family history was negative for autoimmune or neoplastic diseases.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a secondary result of atherosclerosis and it can develop in any of your arteries. When atherosclerosis affects your arms and legs, it is called Peripheral Artery Disease. Atherosclerosis is when the arteries become clogged with clumps of fat, cholesterol and other material called atherosclerotic plaques which causes the arteries to become hard and narrow. These plaques can make arteries so narrow that less blood flows through. You feel pain because your leg muscles are not getting enough oxygenated blood. Oxygen is the fuel that muscles need to contract. Oxygen is also needed to keep your cells living and when oxygen is not present your cells began to die.

Peripheral Vascular: Patient denies any coldness, numbness or tingling, swelling of legs or arms, discoloration in hands or feet, varicose veins or complications, intermittent claudication, thrombophlebitis, or ulcers. She states that she crosses legs at the knees occasionally when long term sitting, and she does not wear support hose in these circumstances.

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a type of circulatory disorder that affects blood vessels in areas other than the heart or brain. Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs are most commonly affected. Blood vessels in the arms, kidneys, and stomach are also commonly affected. PVD is sometimes called peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

The main aetiology of PVD is atherosclerosis and associated thrombo-embolism. Atherosclerosis is the gradual accumulation of lipids in the endothelium of peripheral artery causing atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerotic lesion can develop over atherosclerotic plaques and rupture, inducing thrombin generation, aggregation of platelet other extracellular matrix leading to thrombus formation or embolus. Atherosclerosis causes partial or complete occlusion and stenosis of the peripheral arteries. Other causes of PVD include limb injury, abnormal muscle and ligament structures, vasculitis, diabetes, and infection.

Impaired skin integrity related to limited mobility, impaired tissue perfusion, decreased cardiac output, altered nutritional and hydration status, increased moisture, decreased sensory perception and excess weight as evidenced by patient being bed reddened 95% of the day, +2-+3 peripheral edema, stage III- IV coccyx pressure ulcer, drainage from the coccyx ulcer, high blood pressure, decreased oxygen saturation between 85-95 % 2L NP, weak peripheral pulses, obesity, excessively dry skin, sores on both legs (blister-like), denial of pain regarding dressing changes, and excessive diaphoresis with movement secondary to CHF, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and non-insulin dependent type II diabetes.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is considered as a clinical manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis affecting primarily the blood supply to the lower extremities, but other noncardiac and non-intracranial arteries may also be involved. More than 200 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have diagnosed PAD and the prevalence continues to rise. In Europe and North America, an estimated 27 million people have PAD and around 413,000 annual hospital admissions are attributed to PAD. Due to an imbalance between the supply and demand for blood flow, patients with PAD most commonly experience exertional leg pain (intermittent claudication), which is triggered by ambulation and relieved by rest. The severity of the symptoms depends upon

Around 7 million men and women are affected yearly by a disease known as Coronary artery disease (CAD). If one has a reduction of blood flow going to the myocardium, they may have angina pectoris. Some people may not experience any pain, while others will have heart attacks, due to developing atherosclerotic plaques.

and a 5-year history of angina pectoris. During the past week he has had more frequent episodes of