Internal Review Board (IRB)

The first is the informed consent and self determination on behalf of the participants of the research study. Participants must be willing to participate in the research and aware of of any benefits and costs. It is required that all participants are notified of the reasoning of the research, the risks within the conduction of the research and how collected data will be used. Usually plain statements will be given, in plain language that can be understood by the participants outlining what there involvement requires and the aims of the research. Following, participants will be required to sign a consent document outlining that they are aware of the details of the research and agree on

Ethical guidelines are the frameworks and standards that govern psychologists in conducting a morally justified research to respect the rights of the participants. Since the researchers are responsible for the welfare of the participants, it is vital for them to act in accordance with a specific strict code of ethics and moral principles. One of the common ethical framework used in many psychological studies is IVCARD where ‘I’ stands for Informed Consent, ‘V’ equals Voluntary Participation, ‘C’ is Confidentiality, ‘A’ being Accurate Reporting, ‘R’ is Right To Withdraw and ‘D’ as Do No Harm. Although there are few disadvantages of these strict ethical guidelines, the advantages outweigh them. This is evident from two of the

In 1932, researchers from Tuskegee University conducted a study of the effects of syphilis on untreated subjects. Six-hundred sharecroppers from Alabama, 399 that had previously contracted the disease and 201 that had not, were studied and not treated for syphilis even when Penicillin was found to be an effective cure. This continued until 1972, when information was leaked and the study ended. In response, Congress passed the National Research Act, which stated guidelines for human research and created Institutional Review Boards (IRB). Institutional Review Boards were created to protect subjects of human research, but their authority is so broad that they do more harm than good. They license the research of scientists and have total control

In an article by “Vulnerable individuals represent a broad and vaguely defined group of people. Participants can be said to be vulnerable to the extent that their ability to give informed consent may be affected by physical, mental or emotional responses to their situation” (Nordentoft & Kappel, p. 369). When planning a research project, a researcher or IRB should consider the vulnerable participant as there is often diminished capacity to participate in their care thereby bringing into question the validity of understanding informed consent and the ability to withdraw from participation at any time. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) serves to protect vulnerable populations such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, and the physically

A number of key terms describe the system of ethical considerations that the modern research establishments have set up to protect the rights of research subjects. Voluntary participation and confidentiality are principles that demands that the respondents to be free from coercion in any way when participating in the research, protected in the raw data, and published

In regard to informed consent, is an agreement between the subject and the researcher which explain all the steps of the experiments and the signature of the study participant. The informed consent includes four major elements: disclosure of the information about the experiment, understanding of the information provided, ability of the participant to give consent, and voluntary consent of the subject to be part of the study (Grove et al., 2015). As already mentioned, the authors clearly stated that a written consent was obtained from all subject’s parents with verbal assent.

Informed consent is an essential part of the research process. Informed consent allows participants the choice to participate in the study or

“Following ethical informed consent procedures requires nurses to advocate for participants' best interests, ensures participants' understanding of the informed consent process and the research study, and upholds the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice” (Judkin-Cohn et al., 2014, p. 36). The two main objectives that must be met within the informed consent are to promote participant autonomy and protect the participants from potential harm (Judkin-Cohn et al., 2014). In order to meet these objects for my Capstone Project Proposal, the participants will need to provide voluntary, informed consent prior to enrolling. Respect for the participants is gained through the informed consent process involving the following: full disclosure of the nature of the research, the process, and the possibility of withdrawal from the study (Judkin-Cohn et al., 2014). The privacy of the participants must be maintained, as well. I plan to maintain privacy by locking all of my research participant data in a locked filing cabinet, within my mentor’s clinical lead office. The research will demonstrate principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence by distinguishing the possibility of direct benefit versus lack of direct benefit, but potential for improving future patient care (Judkin-Cohn et al.,

In this case, they will be told that the research study is looking to better understand the college experiences of first-generation Armenian-Americans currently attending college. The informed consent process will take place in a manner as to ensure that the respondent has the privacy and time to review the information provided by the researcher, and make their concerns and questions known. The researcher will address the questions and concerns of the individual. The informed consent will provide the participant with information regarding their participation to the study, as well as the contact information of the researcher should they have any questions or concerns. The respondent is encouraged to thoroughly review the terms and freely choose to participate or not only after considering everything. The information provided will be at an appropriate language level, avoiding the use of terminology that the participant may not be familiar with. This is to further ensure that they understand the information being provided. They will be informed that they have the right to leave the study or interview, and cease their participation at any point. The respondent will not face any penalties or consequences should they choose to not participate or withdraw from the study. The respondent is to give written consent and acknowledgement that they have understood the terms of the study. However, if they choose to withdraw the

The potential participant must be given the opportunity to give full consideration regarding the decision whether or not to participate in the research study without undue influence from his or her physician, family, or the scientific investigator. No informed consent may contain any exculpatory language by which the participant waives any legal rights or releases the investigator or sponsor from

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) is a committee used in research in the Unite Sates that protects the rights and welfare of people recruited to participate in research (Royse, 2009). The IRBs purpose is to facilitate research and to ensure to protect human participants from harmful, risky or research not respectful of human rights and dignity and to ensure human subjects are protected during their participation. The IBRs are independent committee whom review and approve research. IBRs were established by the 1907s for concern about unethical research experiences oversee research in organizations receiving federal funds, hospitals, and other entities (Royse, 2009). The IBRs boards are usually comprised of professionals who are knowledgeable

Informed consent forms will be used. These forms will contain information regarding the purpose of the study as well as the procedure being used.

Each participant was presented a consent form electronically, and confidentiality was maintained throughout the process. (See Appendix A.) Steps taken to ensure the confidentiality of the respondents included assigning an alias name or number to each respondent requesting such, presenting the consent form that explained to participants that they had been selected to participate in the study, and minimizing “off the record” conversations. The only identification of individual interview data in reports was by subjects’ MASSP

57). This exchange of information should be administered at a 5th grade comprehension level. The subject should be willing to participate in the study with no reward offered for participation. The informed consent process begins with participant selection and ends with a signed document of agreement.

I have learned that “what” the research finds isn’t the only thing that is important. We need to also be considered with “how” they went about finding it. The treatment of the research participants is always a consideration when doing research. Beneficence is the process of finding the most accurate results possible while ensuring fair treatment of the participants (Cozby & Bates, 2012). Some steps taken to ensure proper treatment of participants begin with informed consent. This ensures that those involved understand the all parts of the research that may affect their decision to participate (Cozby & Bates, 2012). This does not necessarily mean that there is full disclosure as that may interfere with accurate results. Debriefing is helpful after the completion of the research to counteract any ill effects suffered because of the research (Cozby & Bates, 2012). A safeguard in place to further protect participants is the Institutional Review Board. This board is in place and responsible for the research conditions taking place at their institution (Cozby & Bates, 2012). Another way to protect participants is confidentiality. This can be achieved through anonymous questionnaires, or coding of answers to protect privacy (Cozby & Bates, 2012). Protection doesn’t only apply