International And World Trade Law

In The myth of the ethical shopper, Hobbes (2015) states that although boycotts may have been successful in 1990, they are failing in 2105. He asserts that the way in which our clothes are now made has changed and so advocacy campaigns just don't work. One of the problems is that retailers don't have direct contact with their factories. Production is outsourced to the lowest bidders. Chains of sub contractors are set up and production is being split between thousands of factories. Labels from JC Penny, Wal-Mart and Joe Fresh were all found in the rubble of Rana plaza (O'Connor 2014), but none of them directly contracted those factories. With multitudes of middlemen accountability is difficult.

In extreme circumstances, it is frowned upon, but in lesser degrees, it is accepted as part of the cost of doing business. Profit margins are continuously rewarded, while countries that have abysmal human right records are producing goods for countries that ban such practices. Just recently, a company that produces touch screens for electronic devices, which are made for a company that uses a logo not comparable to an orange, was punished for using a banned chemical to clean the products. Nearly a month later, the company is still using it and as a result, one employee has died from exposure and others have shown adverse effects. Turning the clock back nearly 300 years, we find similar circumstances for Ireland, having tariffs placed on products sold to England. Higher costs mean lower margins and less importance placed on the conditions in which the products are made to help the profit margin. The desperate have to keep their jobs to pay exorbitant rent to absentee landlords, and greedy rulers. So what’s new? Why can we not seem to break this cycle?

As globalisation brings in new and various products, counterfeit goods also spread quickly. This has a negative influence on local retailers and trademark owners by taking away part of their local market share, taking advantage of the designs of a brand’s

Totally contrary to enthusiastic claims that fake handbags and other counterfeit goods are indistinguishable from the originals, in fact these knock-off products typically leave a lot to be desired. The real items are usually individually handmade from the best materials using only the most perfect stitching, while fakes are mass produced. In addition, the counterfeit industry is tied to the globalization of organized crime, so the money people spend on forgeries while being pleased at their savings ends up in the pocket of a thief at best, and the mob, terrorists, or drug cartels at worst. In short, even if cultural relativism is taken into consideration, it is difficult to say that counterfeiting actions are in any way going to improve the

This assignment will examine and analyse the case and its determination from the Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITA) which involves Corel Corporation and the Department of National Revenue. Corel Corporation, which gets its name from Cowpland Research Laboratory, is a software company in Canada which is headquartered here in the nation’s capital. Corel specializes in graphics design, graphics software, processing graphics, and graphics programming (Corel Corporation, 2014).

The tariff laws between the late 1828 and 1833 caused people like John C. Calhoun to realize that states should have the right reject laws passed by the federal government. This law forced the South to buy manufactured goods from U.S. manufacturers at a higher price. The southern states also received a reduced income from raw materials they sold to Northern manufacturers. This affected the Southern states economy and made many politicians angry, including Calhoun, the vice president and a politician from South Carolina. Later he wrote a nullification doctrine to express his opinions on the tariff. The nullification crisis greatly affected the growth of states’ rights over federal power. Because of the nullification crisis in South Carolina there were even thoughts of secession in the early 1830’s.

Every business organization has a social responsibility in ensuring that the environment it operates in is protected. Many companies have identified that they have a major role to play in protecting the natural habitat and ensuring that business is not only about making profits. Some organizations are setting aside funds that are developed in the protection of the environment while other organizations are setting a tree-planting day as part of their annual calendar. Companies have legal and ethical responsibilities that guide the organization in making sure that the environment is taken care of. The natural resource depletion and the environmental pollution have led to conservation groups setting rules that govern the company in utilizing natural resources.

Albercht, M., & Sack, S. (2011, August). International trade statistics 2010. Retrieved from World Trade Organization:http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2010_e/its10_toc_e.htmAnderson, S., & Cavanagh, J. (1997, January 1). World trade organization. Retrieved fromhttp://www.fpif.org/reports/world_trade_organizationBloomberg.

Libertarian: Given that United States ' government is driven by principles that support the acceptance of free will in the society, it becomes necessary to engage in the battle between workers and overseas sweatshops. Innately, it is understood that the United States ' government plays a crucial role in the prosperity of these sweatshops. Due to this, it is easy to comprehend that this government can pioneer change in these factories. Undoubtedly, the practices in the sweatshops violate human rights of liberty along with their dignity. Now that this has been happening, it is a moment whereby the US government needs to come in and help such suffering workers. Just like other workers in other parts of the world are embracing their liberty, this should also be the case with those in the sweatshops. One might argue that boycott is the best way to go. However, this now becomes dangerous to the workers since it might result in job loss. On the same note, boycotts taking place in countries whereby the practice does not occur cannot be effective. Those who are opposed to boycotts claim that sweatshops help to improve the economy of the developing countries if developed countries purchase from them. In most cases,

Counterfeiting is quite the popular industry. That is, it seems as though almost everyone has a counterfeit good these days, or at least a friend or family member does. These unique booths are constantly crowded with people just dying to get the best deal on a knockoff item so they can show it off to their friends as the real thing. However, these people don’t realize the actions they evoke when they support these industries. Most counterfeit industries rely on child labor and human trafficking to

In his letter dated 25th May 2008, Jack Williams stated that he believed Frank Wu to be in breach of several contracts, and that he would be pursuing this in the manner stipulated in the contract, that being Arbitration in accordance with the Swiss Rules of Arbitration. However, in the same letter Mr Williams stated that he would soon commence actions against Mr Wu in the Supreme Court of Victoria, thus leaving us with much ambiguity as to the applicable judiciary. However, regardless of where and before who the matter is heard, the substantive issues of law are still the same. Mr Williams is refusing to pay Mr Wu, as he is holding him to be in breach of several contractual obligations.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a global organization that helps countries and producers of goods deal fairly and smoothly with conducting their business across international borders. It mainly does this through WTO agreements, which are negotiated and signed by a large majority of the trading nations in the world. The purpose of the WTO is to ensure that global trade commences freely, smoothly and predictably while also aiming to create economic peace and stability in the world through a multilateral system. This is based and applied to member states, currently 162 countries, that have consented and ratified the rules of the WTO in their individual countries. Simply put, these documents act as contracts that provide the legal framework for conducting business among nations, integrating into a country 's domestic legal system, therefore, applying to local companies and nationals in the conduct of business internationally. For instance, if a company were to open an office or business in a foreign country, the rules of the WTO dictates how that can be done.1

International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states, to the maintenance of international peace and security. Although, some of the country may agree to definition of international norms, there are some countries that does not agree with the United Nation international laws that generally accepted as international norms. Even though, some country does not agree with UN international laws, because of the powerful nation that are the member of the nation, the Security Council can enforce their international law via various ways toward a state or individual; and the International court of Justice (ICJ) also give advisory opinion to get settle between state to state conflict, in accordance with international law.

The purpose of this assignment is to discuss the creation and application the case law resulting from the decision in Donoghue v Stevenson . This decision is often cited in relation to the tort of negligence and a duty of care. As such it could be misunderstood as being the preeminent case for the principles of negligence or duty of care alone. It is however the landmark precedent case for the tort of negligence outside of a contract when taking into account ‘duty of care’ and the ‘neighbour priciple’.

The World Trade Organization (“WTO”) Dispute Settlement System and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) are two of the most widely used methods of international dispute settlement.