International Business Study Guide

The democratization, economic liberalization, and eventual collapse of the Soviet Union is commonly attributed to Mikhail Gorbachev's Perestroika and Glasnost reforms during the period of 1985-1991. This purpose of these reforms is still a trenchant question as the countries of the old Soviet Union, particular Russia, are being pressured to further liberalize their economies.

Improvements in communication and transportation became apparent in the nineteenth century due to the expansion of the textile, mining and metallurgy industries. By the middle of the nineteenth century, communication was transformed by the invention of the electronic telegraph and the transatlantic cable, which “Established instant communication between the old and new worlds.” (p. 413) Transportation was also transformed by canal and road building, as well as the introduction of locomotives and steamboats.

However, this is not only expanding the market, it is also advancing the area of technology. From the steam boat to the Model T automobile. an example of this technology advancement is the incandescent light bulb making it easier and more accessible to see. Another example is the telegraph used for Morse code. This was useful during the war to send message the enemy could not understand. The inventors had the right to sell their product to who they wanted, this gave them power. The power to choose and the power of blackmail to not sell to another person's competitors in fear of use against them. For example; during the civil war Abraham Lincoln used the telegraph for morse code (http://civilwarstudies.org/articles/Vol_8/situation-room.shtm.) The inventors had the power to sell or not sell to the

New technologies such as the transatlantic cable, typewriters, mimeograph machines, carbon paper, and skyscrapers enabled the united states to build an industrial economy (385).

At the time of development of globalization there were many concerns about its benefits. However, it has brought significant changes in all segments of human life and International business is one area in which it contributed heavily (Reich, 1998). Companies all over the world are currently formulating their business strategies mainly after considering the trends in global market instead of domestic market. Outsourcing and offshoring are some of the new business principles emerged in this world after the implementation of globalization (Samimi and Jentabad, 2014). The core of these new business concepts is to exploit the business opportunities in overseas countries as much as possible (Samimi and Jentabad, 2014).

While a case could be made that the following inventions were just as important globally, for the sake of brevity and personal preference, this essay will focus upon the United States of America. The proliferation of transportation systems, the refrigerator, and the telegraph were the most important developments of the American Industrial Revolution as they allowed for western expansion and established a foundation for growth.

Even as Reagan clashed Marxism in Central America but, the USSR was crumbling. In reaction to severe economic difficulties and rising political uproar in the Russia, the Premier ‘Mikhail Gorbachev’ took office in 1985 and then announced two strategies that redefined Russian’s association to the rest of the realm: ‘glasnost’ or political honesty, and ‘restructuring’ or economic development. Soviet impact in Eastern Europe diminished. In 1989 every former communist government in the county swapped its government with a non-communist any. In November of that year the “Berlin Wall” the utmost evident sign of the decades long Cold War was to end with demolished, just done two years after Reagan had defied the Russian premier in an address at Brandenburg

The 1990s. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. 27-85. Print) “The collapse of the Soviet Union was so total and complete that if dramatically changed the dynamics of

Globalization is the process of world integration of ideas, cultures and economies. In the past five hundred years there were two major periods of globalization which have generated irreversible effects on the world. One period, began with the Age of Exploration in the late fifteenth century, and it spanned until the eighteen hundreds. The other period, the post WW II era, began in the middle of the twentieth century and continues today. Each of these eras marked a tremendous evolution in economic strength, religion, human rights, woman’s rights, agriculture and last but not least technology.

1. What is the significance of determining whether a country follows the rule of law?

Stephanie Liang WR98 C1 Prof.Michaud Essay 1-Final states”(103). Had he not used these constructions and instead stopped at “drama”, the readers would not be able to understand the various relationships during Cold War. These succinct constructions allow a straight-forward understanding of the essay and help gain readers’ agreement. In addition of short phrases, the author contrasts the global atmosphere during Cold War period to that at present in separate paragraphs but with highly identical structures. For example, he utilizes the features of “division” and “wall” (102) to serve as a foil to the “integration” and “web” (102) concepts of globalization system by including detailed description of the better-being in the latter system, and in doing so, makes it obvious to readers that two systems possess different nature and that the new one is favored. Another structure technique Friedman uses is parallelism, which illustrates the divergent communication phenomena of two systems: “In the cold war we reached for the hotline, which was a symbol that we were all divided but at least two people were in charge…In the globalization system we reach for the Internet, which is a symbol that we are all connected and nobody is quite in charge” (103). This equal paragraph distribution of two discussed subjects enables readers to

For those who do not know much about the Soviet Union, or those intrigued by the almighty Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the history of the collapse of the Soviet Union is extremely well documented in Stephen Kotkin's Armageddon Averted: The Soviet Collapse 1970-2000. This relatively short book provides great insight into the downfall of the Soviet Union, as well as to how it could potentially have sustained longer than it did by the Soviet elite. A dramatic shift occurred in the Soviet Union between 1970 and 2000; numerous events and modifications occurred to pave the way for a long and slow decay, as opposed to a rapid and fervent eruption of a crumble that many may have expected. Kotkin provides the readers with a

     In technology, steam power must have been the biggest advancement in its field. Fuels such as coal and petroleum were ideas used for the power of the steam engines. This new idea of steam power revolutionized many industries including textiles and manufacturing. In communications, Samuel Morse, an American inventor, had made a working model of the telegraph using a language of dots and lines. It carried information at high speeds, which made communications between Europe and North American

Second, among the largest causes of the eventual collapse was Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of Glasnost and Perestroika. Glasnost means openness and this policy allowed

Political risk is associated with political changes that may negatively impact domestic and foreign firms. Which statement about political risk is correct?