International Criminal Court : An International Tribunal Focused On International Crime

Crimes against the international community are a collection of offences that are recognised by the international community as being of universal concern. However the prosecution of crimes against the international community can be controversial. Such crimes may be committed in the context of military conflict. They may be highly politically motivated, or they may have been ordered or committed by the state itself. The establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2002 was a significant development in the law of crimes against the international community. The independent international court established by the Rome Statute, acts as a last resort for crimes fitting into the three categories of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Due to Australia’s Dualistic system, both the War crimes Act

There have been many cases of Crimes against Humanity during history, the most well known one probably being “The Holocaust”. If you don’t know what The Holocaust is, it is when hitler gassed and worked to death over 6 million jews. This is the Crime that made the world create an international community such as the United Nations, to try to prevent or end any crimes, or mass genocides like the Holocaust. The United Nation is the society that issues punishments to countries or people who issue out genocides or commit Crimes against Humanity, and also deals with the protection of smaller countries that don’t have the funds to protect themselves, but some people say that the United Nations aren’t doing their job. Some people would think it is a better idea for the bigger, richer countries, such as United States, Russia, and other richer countries, to help end these crimes. If the whole world create a bigger, stronger international community, better than the United Nations, and really helped try to prevent or end these genocides, then the world would be a much safer place, and because many countries are working together to make the world a better place, it would also build on trust between other countries and less countries would try to start wars.

- International law organization participation: [Accepts the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice with reservations; accepts the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court]. (1)

The International Criminal Court (ICC), created in 1998 (Thayer and Ibryamova 2010), is responsible for investigating and prosecuting the most extreme cases, including crimes against humanity, aggressive crimes, war crimes, and genocide. The credibility of this institution, however, has been compromised due to the United States revocation of support and membership. Initially it is important to recognize the arguments against the United States becoming a member state of the ICC and what precipitated the U.S. withdrawing its signature from the document that instituted the Court. Once this has been established, addressing and refuting these objections will develop the arguments in favor of ICC membership. Finally, this analysis will lead to

The evolution of international criminal justice is important to consider. Two ad-hoc tribunals, the International Criminal Tribunal of Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda (ICTR), have facilitated the adoption of the ICC. The ICC came into existence on July 1, 2002. The court operates on the principle of complementarity which means that the court does not function unless a state in question is unable or unwilling to investigate and, if warranted, prosecute for one of the covered crimes. Whereas the ICTY and the ICTR had primary jurisdiction and could supersede state action, the ICC only has the aforementioned

supporting countries armies, police force, national guard, etc… to capture the warrants that are handed out for the apprehension of criminals. If the increase of the $146 million dollar budget is to happen, then the funding could help support a sole police task force for the International Criminal Court, in which they do not have to rely on other countries but rather themselves. Solely having their own police task force will allow for the issue of more warrants within supporting countries due to not having to rely on their police force, but rather their own. As stated from the International Criminal Court, “As a judicial institution, the ICC does not have its own police force or enforcement body; thus, it relies on cooperation with countries worldwide for support, particularly for making arrests, transferring arrested persons to the ICC detention centre in The Hague, freezing suspects’ assets, and enforcing sentences.” As stated by the following quote, the current jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court is not vast, and

International Criminal Law can be described as a public international law. It deals with international and transnational crimes among the member states. The International Criminal Laws are designed to forbid some kinds of conducts or behaviours generally viewed as very consequential atrocities. These laws also make sure that the perpetrators of such heinous criminal conducts are accountable for their acts. Mainly, the International Criminal Law deals with war crimes, genocide, crimes of aggression and the crimes against humanity. Besides, the International Criminal Court (ICC) governed by the Rome Statute, which is a multilateral treaty and serves as a foundational and governing document of ICC. Another way, it can be described as an intergovernmental organisation and international tribunal. The ICC is the headway through which International criminal law develops since its inception. It is situated in The Hague in Netherlands. Currently, there are 122 states which are parties to the Rome Statute, by ratifying the Rome Statute, states become member states of the ICC. The International Criminal Law (ICL) has been started performing with Nuremberg Tribunal for War Criminals after 1945. Actually, the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials addressed war crimes, crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity committed during the Second World War@. The International Military Tribunal sat in Nuremberg, which prosecuted Germany perpetrators while the International Military

Created on July 17, 1998 in Rome, Italy, after more than 120 nations voted in favor of the Rome Statute, the International Criminal Court is an independent court that tries individuals or groups for war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity, and could open investigations when referred to by the United Nations Security Council.

Impunity is defined as an exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action. More specific, it refers to the failure to bring perpetrators of human rights violations to justice, thus denying victims the right to justice and restoration. These violators may be government officials or private individuals and they are often protected by special jurisdictions, sanctions, immunities, or amnesties. In 1945, at the Nuremberg Trials, which judged the accused war criminals of Nazi Germany, the international community pledged that "never again" would it allow monstrous crimes against humanity or genocide to take place. The United Nations recognized the need for an international criminal court to prosecute and punish persons responsible and to help end impunity for these perpetrators of the most serious crimes against humanity. In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. By 1951, international treaties against genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity had entered into force, establishing a body of law known as International Humanitarian Law. On July 17, 1998, the international community reached a historic milestone through the adoption of the Rome Statute, the legal basis for establishing the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICC is the first permanent, treaty based, international criminal court established to help end impunity for the perpetrators of crimes

After the League of Nations failed to prevent WWII, the UN was established as a replacement of the flawed League of Nations to maintain international peace and promote cooperation. In addition, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) was formed by the UN Charter, and its jurisdictions can be enforced by the UN Security Council (but is subject to the veto power of the five permanent members of the council). The UN has helped to diffuse the tension between USA and USSR over the Cuban Crisis of 1962, succeeded in averting the Arab-Israel war in 1967 and so on, proving the capability and functions of the UN.

The international court of justice now called the world court is the organ of the UN responsible for the handling of judicial disputes between states. The Court which is headquartered in The Hague is composed of fifteen judges elected by concurrent vote of the General Assembly and the Security Council. However only states, not individuals or businesses, can sue or be sued in the World Court.

The International Criminal Court (ICC), governed by the Rome Statute, is the first interminable, treaty based, international criminal court established to help end exemptions for the perpetrators of the most serious and heinous crimes of concern to the international community. The ICC was mandated in July of 1998 but was bought into force by July of 2002.1 The Rome Statute is a mutual treaty which serves as the ICC 's foundational and leading document. States which become party to the Rome Statute, for example by passing it, become member states of the ICC. Currently, there are 122 states which are party to the Rome Statute and as a result are members of the ICC.2 The creation of the International Criminal Court is a global response to the extreme mayhem perpetrated in the last century. Unfortunately, in all too many cases, terrible crimes went unpunished and a alleged culture of impunity protected the perpetrators. National courts often did not investigate the crimes adequately, or at all.

The International Criminal Court is an independent international organization that is governed by the Rome Statute that is the first international criminal court that is permanent. Its establishment was as a result for the need to bring justice upon perpetrators that commit serious crimes against humanity. The Rome Statute which is the legal basis for establishing the permanent International Criminal Court was approved on 17th July 1998 but it was not until almost four years later on 1st July 2002 that the International Criminal Court came into force (Swoboda). The creation of the permanent international court was not an abrupt process but rather a culmination of events that

Five international courts: the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. First four situated in Hague.

International Court of Justice (ICJ, or the Hague International Court of Justice) established in 1945 is one of the main organs and judicial branch in the United Nation. It legally based on the Statute of International Court of Justice signed in 1945 and Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice signed in 1920, which are unitary parts of United Nation Chapter.