International Laws: Application and Validity

According to ICRC, International human rights law is the body of international law intended to advance human rights on social, provincial, and residential levels. As a type of worldwide law, global human rights law is fundamentally comprised of arrangements, understandings between sovereign states to have restricting lawful impact between the gatherings that have consented to them; and standard universal law, guidelines of law got from the predictable direct of states carrying on of the conviction that had the law obliged them to act that way. Other worldwide human rights instruments while not lawfully restricting add to the usage, comprehension and improvement of universal human rights law and have been perceived as a wellspring of political obligation.

No one is above or below the law; no citizen holds any right over another no matter what the reason or situation; if the people want to live in a just, fair society, they must adhere by the laws. Human rights are not only given to a specific group of people and denied by another; therefore, it applies to one and all.

In this essay I will be critically analysing an article and report on the relationship between Australian law and International law, reflecting on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and whether it ensures the safe guard of human rights for future generations. I will then analyse whether this promotes peace and equality internationally.

Currently, numerous sanctions target the Iranian economy. These sanctions are implemented and enforced by the United States of America, The European Union, and several other United Nation members to include; Japan, the Republic of Korea, Canada, Australia, Norway, Switzer. Fathollah-nejad, A. (2013). These measures are necessary to enforce international laws through means other than war.

In the international community, a country’s domestic policies may often interfere with that of the community’s wishes. Throughout the Cold War, there was often tension between a country’s autonomy and the wishes of a particular sphere of influence or international body. Despite the great assistance in the attainment of human rights and attempts at peace, often greater conflict occurred due to this interference in each country’s domestic policies rather than serving their original purpose. Although international influence and control promotes singular agreements and policies, countries should be allowed to remain completely autonomous within their domestic policies in order to maintain peace, encourage diverse policy, and allow for independence internationally.

Every business organization has a social responsibility in ensuring that the environment it operates in is protected. Many companies have identified that they have a major role to play in protecting the natural habitat and ensuring that business is not only about making profits. Some organizations are setting aside funds that are developed in the protection of the environment while other organizations are setting a tree-planting day as part of their annual calendar. Companies have legal and ethical responsibilities that guide the organization in making sure that the environment is taken care of. The natural resource depletion and the environmental pollution have led to conservation groups setting rules that govern the company in utilizing natural resources.

When comparing apples to pears, one is not making a fair comparison, but a disproportionate comparison. Often times when international law is discussed or attempts are made to understand international law; many often attempt to compare international law with existing laws such as national law or domestic law. Making such disproportionate comparisons leads to many misconceived notions and attitudes toward international law. For an adequate comparison of international law to other laws, one should look closely at the available facts. This essay will demonstrate the vitality of international law, in a world of nations which continue to increase in interdependence.

this essay I will attempt to examine and analyse the effectiveness of international courts and

2. This international society has a law that establishes the rights of its members – above all, the rights of territorial integrity and political sovereignty.

One of the foundations of arbitration is that awards rendered are final and not subject to appeal before the courts. In this respect, Article 5 of the UNCITRAL Model Law provides for minimal intervention, and says, “In matters governed by this Law, no court shall intervene except where so provided in this Law“. As a result, the grounds upon which a court may set aside an award or refuse to recognize and enforce the same are limited. Article 34 of the Model Law and Article V of the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards provide the restrictive grounds for such relief.

In Unjust Justice, Chantal Delsol evaluates the contemporary international system and contemporary international law, the regulation of relations between sovereign states, by defending various principles that she claims will be violated by the potential formation of a “world government”. The principles that Delsol defends in response to recent steps toward a universal state are found in the works of modern thinker, Emer de Vattel, and medieval thinker, Thomas Aquinas.

To most of the world, sanctions are a mixed blessing. On the one hand, they reinforce trade rules and promote respect for them. On the other hand, they tend to undermine the principles of free trade and provoke a kind of ‘trade envy’(Charnovitz) in other international organizations.

Norms are expectations of behaviour and a vital part of the international community (Finnemore and Sikkink, 1998, 887). In the anarchic system of international politics, norms can provide stability and unity due to certain expectations, as well as implement change when norm shifts restructure the international community (Finnemore and Sikkink, 1998, 894). Therefore, the process that enables a norm to be accepted internationally is an important one to analyze and understand. In order for a norm to become international, the most important factors are shared moral assessment and hegemonic acceptance of the norm.

What are the requirement(s) found in the U.S. constitution governing the President’s ability to enter into treaties with other countries, i.e. international legal agreements?

International law is “defined as a body of rules established by custom or treaty and recognized by nations as binding in their relations with one another” ( UN 2013). It was created by the countries in the United Nations to ensure that sovereignty states are working together to promote peace and stability in regards to international relations (UN 2013). Since its creation, international law has allowed for countries to work together cooperatively, although there have been some conflicts between countries. These conflicts, however, have not grown to interrupt the stability in the international system, nor have they put into question the ultimate power of the world’s global leader, the United States. Over the last two years, the ISIS terror group in the Middle East and the Ukraine Crisis in regards to the European Union, has led many to look at the United States to help in the situation and even question their ability to help in these two international conflicts. Based on this, it can be concluded that problems such as ISIS and the Ukraine Crisis are actual rebellions against the international law since they pose a major threat to the international system, however, the involvement of the United States is not necessary to resolve their conflict.