Department of Management, Marketing and Information Systems
Multinational Corporate Management
Fall 02 Semester
The International Management Process
An Overview
· International Management process - is heavily affected by the culture (as well as other factors) of the country where enterprises pursue their goals and objectives.
· Culture - comprise an entire set of social norms and responses that condition people's behavior, it is acquired and incalculated, a set of rules and behavior, patterns that an individual learns but does not inherit at birth.
Three Ways Culture is Learned:
· Formal learning - formal activities are taught by precept and admonition.
· Informal learning - the principal agent is molded used for
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· Objective analysis - managers who practice this belief make decisions based on accurate and relevant information, and they are prompt in reporting accurate data to all levels in the organization. Other cultures do not place much value on factual and rational support for decisions and the reporting of details is unimportant.
· Gere Hofstede, researcher from the Netherlands, developed one of the most popular theories addressing the impact of culture on the management process. Power, distance, uncertainty, avoidance, individualism, and masculinity are the classifications.
· Confucian Dynamism - Hofstede and Michael Bond identified an additional culture dimension by which nations can be classified.
· Confucianism - is not a religion, but a system of practical ethics; it is based on a set of pragmatic rules for daily life derived from experience. The key tenet of Confucian teachings is that unequal relationships between people create stability in society. The five basic relationships are ruler-subject, father-son, older brother-younger brother, husband-wife and older friend-younger friend. The junior owes the senior respect, and the senior owes the junior protection and consideration. The prototype for all social institutions is the family. A person is mainly a member of a family as opposed to being
Culture is the pattern of action and the ways of perceiving, feeling, and thinking acquired growing up in a particular group of people
Confucius believed that society should be organized through five basic relations; the relation between a ruler and a subject, the relation between a father and a son, the relation between a husband and a wife, the relation between an older brother and a younger brother, and finally friend between a friend.
Culture includes the knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Graham:2014:2). Culture is learned and shared understandings among a group
Confucianism teaches that each person should accept his or her role in society. According to document number five, Confucianism became the basis of order and respect in China. It was central in governing China. The teachings of Confucius were even studied for civil service exams. Essentially, Confucius believed that younger people should show respect and obey anyone who was older, so respect your
Culture can be defined as the behaviours and belief characteristics of a particular social, ethnic,
Culture: Culture refers to values, languages, symbols, norms, beliefs, expectations that members of a group possess and the good things they produce and use in their life. Culture is the thing that all the members of a group or society follow.
Culture is the aquired knowledge that people use to interpret, experience, and generate social behavior.
1. What are the essential duties of an Administrative Officer? The main essential duties of an Administrative officer are issuing papers to cadets and managing the files in the assigned unit. Another duty of the Admin Officer is creating new forms. For example creating a page that states the jobs and suspenses of a CAC cadet.
When a business decides to venture internationally into different countries with its products, services, and operations, it is very important that the company gains an understanding of how the culture of the different societies affects the values found in those societies. Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most famous and most used studies on how culture relates to values. Hofstede study enabled him to compare dimensions of culture across 40 countries. He originally isolated four dimensions of what he claimed summarized different cultures — power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, and masculinity versus femininity (Hill, 2013, p.110). To cover aspects of values not discussed in the original paradigm Hofstede has since added two more dimensions — Confucianism or long-term orientation and indulgence versus self-restraint (Hofstede, n.d.). Because of the way Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are given an index score from 0-100, it is easy for a company to get a general comparison between the cultures they are expanding into and the culture they are already in.
Family, heritage, ethnicity, beliefs, values, knowledge, experiences, attitudes, religion, education, roles, language, and cuisine are all items encompassing culture. Culture is what influences your outlook on life itself as well as behaviors and rituals. Culture is the way different groups of people do things. While some cultures have overlapping cultural behaviors or aspects, most cultures vary significantly. Culture, for the most part, is something you are born into, your innate programming, however, it some aspects can be changed or evolved. "Only part of culture is conscious" (Spector, 2013).
Many parents are choosing to forgo vaccinating their young children as of late due to the speculation that vaccines cause life-altering conditions such as Autism, or even something as serious as SIDS, or sudden infant death syndrome. Although this debate has been on going for quite some time now; many of what these parents do not understand is that correlation does not cause causation. A child may have Autism and had been vaccinated and naturally that parent wants to blame something on the reason their child has this disorder so of course they would want to blame the vaccines for this. However, what they do not understand and take into consideration are all the benefits and life saving properties that vaccines have for children and their future. While the only way to create true life-long immunity to a disease is through natural exposure; Children should be vaccinated because not only does it keep the child safe and healthy, but the entire family as well, vaccines are safe and very effective, and Vaccines prevent life threading diseases and viruses.
Culture is a way of life. It can be defined as a group of people linked by geographical location, ethnicity, gender or age. Culture can be reflected through language, clothing, food, behavior, spirituality and traditions. The behavioral patterns developed through culture are difficult to change.
Ancient Greek mythology is somewhat different from the common modern way of thinking. Ancient Greek mythology will mostly base its acceptance of actions on the laws of the god’s, while modern society mostly bases its acceptance off of social affairs or the people around them. Even though twentieth century readers might have a different way of thinking than ancient Greek’s, the essence of describing a character in literature remains constant. Throughout the semester, many of the ancient literary works read portrayed characters in many different ways.
Culture is defined as “The ideas, attitudes, customs, beliefs, values and social behaviour of a particular group of people or society that are passed on from generation to generation” (Brentnall, A., n.d.).
INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited