International Organization Development Organizational Development Thinking and Practices for Global Businesses Settings

Uncertainty avoidance indicates how threatened a society will be by ambiguous contexts and the degree to which it will attempt to avoid these situations by not tolerating deviant ideas or behaviours, and a belief in absolute truths[4]. This ambiguity leads to anxiety. Different cultures manage this anxiety in different manners. A High Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country has a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. This creates a rule-oriented society that implements laws, rules, regulations, and controls in order avoid uncertainty. A Low Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country is less worried about doubt and is more comfortable taking into account a wide variety of views and opinions. This is mirrored in a society that is

Individualism is the idea that a person’s life belongs to them and that they have an absolute right to live it as they sees fit. The people of modern society have the right to pursue the values of their choosing. As an individual we have our own opinions, this gives us the freedom to expand our life in ways we couldn’t

Individualism-> when you value the freedom and worth of the individual, sometimes over the security and harmony of the group or a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence

Individualism it is the idea that the individual should possess the freedom to define him as opposed to a government definition of who he is and what he is. Individualism is the freedom to achieve based upon your own talents, abilities and ambition. It is a contradiction to a collective defining of worth and purpose that accommodates a stagnating philosophy of government oppression. Individualism has always encouraged the individual to have a lot of power over them selves and encourage the scocpe of the government to

Individualism could mean many things, for instance being yourself or simply saying ¨who cares¨. In my opinion, this word means ignoring what other people in a society have to say. It is to just allow yourself to be free and live your life how you want to live your life. For example, Mark Twain's satiric novel, The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn in the Antebellum South on the Mississippi River, published in 1844 promotes individualism through Huckś actions, the novelś main character.The author writes this in order to condemn the racism, Hypocrisy, and slavery of white society, similar to Walt Whitman's Free verse poem, ¨Song Of Myself,¨ from the collection of Leaves of Grass published in 1855, Whitman conveys that everyone has an equal place on this earth and composed of the same atoms .Whitman's purpose for composing this poem is to make the audience feel as if they have equal power in a society since the Industrial Revolution made society feel as if people had little power. Which also comes to a very important researcher named James McPherson, a historical nonfiction researcher who ,wrote ¨What We Fought For¨set during the Civil War describing why and what the North fought for. McPherson purpose is to inform the Union's soldier's motivation and hardships during the war. In the 19th century, being an individual meant that one could live in a society and just try to face them and suffer; however, he or she can just take themselves out of the whole problem by leaving society

Organizational Development (OD) is an approach to improve efficiency and effectiveness within an organization. While historically OD has been practiced in a planned way( (Bushe et al, 2015, p.xv), but with changing times OD consultants believe that instead of using a linear, top down approach, practitioners should use a holistic and humanistic approach…

Masculinity culture represents a preference towards high achievement, assertiveness, and material rewards for success which display similar characteristic of men. Society is largely more competitive. Countries with masculinity culture such as Japan and Mexico value assertiveness and competitiveness. U.S. is also somewhat a masculine society where individuals highly focus on achievement, strike for success and are motivated by opportunities. IBM’s studies revealed that (1) women’s values are less concerned among societies than men’s values; (2) men’s values from one country to another have a dimension of assertive and competitive that are different from women’s values that are modest and caring. Germany scored a 66 and U.S. scored a 62 on masculine

Individualism is an idea or norm that one opt to live as they feel like and the life belongs to that individual, thus lives as he/she sees fit, at on own judgment and his/her efforts and pursue values and beliefs of his own choice. “It’s the idea that the individual is sovereign, an end in himself, and the fundamental unit of moral concern,” (The Objective Standard, 2016). Collectivism on other side is the idea that an individual’s life belongs to a group or community instead of their own. Thus, an individual has no rights of their own except for what is defined by the group as the norm. This leads to sacrifices of one owns values and goals for the group is greater good. Collectivism is mainly used in my country where I come from, hence we have saying that it takes the entire village to raise a child. This simply means that particular group henceforth makes hat we work as group of our association and decisions. “From the day of his birth until the day of his death society allows him to enjoy certain so-called rights and deprives him of others; not . . . because society desires especially to favour or oppress the individual, but because its own preservation, welfare, and happiness are the prime considerations,” (The Objective Standard, 2016). My culture involves collectiveness where as I have peers from all over the world hence, it is easy to observe

While many of the world’s economic powers seem similar, there is no doubt there are some very key differences. Many of these differences can be attributed to cultural differences within each of the countries. While many of these countries work together in global business efforts, cultural differences would certainly have a significant impact on management style, leadership and even work ethic of the employees. The United States and Japan are both strong economic powers that hold to a capitalistic economic system. Their management styles, however, are very different. This can often be explained through the differences in culture and management or leadership styles. Over the years, the two

This dimension deals explains how society prepares and deals against the unknown. In a country with a high uncertainty avoidance, people do not like change, thus rules are placed to avoid such situations. Countries with low uncertainty avoidance, people accept change, and more likely to take

Today, many of the organization are more concern for organizational effectiveness and have engaged professionals to help to handle the pressure faced by an organization. Creating favorable circumstances for organization development is one of the factors for

INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited

Organization development grew out of the human relations traditions of the 1940s and 1950s, and it has had enormous influence on management practices and thinking about how organizational effectiveness can be achieved. Critical manpower and resource shortages faced by all organizations, public and private, during World War II and in the immediate post-war years stimulated a search by social scientist and managers, separately and in cooperation with one another, for effective means to maximize the utilization of existing individual and organizational resources. (Ritcher, I 2007). Organization Development was by tradition about planned change efforts, instituted to enhance organization effectiveness within the context of the traditional, hierarchical, management-as-experts, top-down era. The legacy of leaders and organizations developed in this context remain. Organizational Development is about how organizations and people function and how to get them to function better. Organization transformation signals the need to transform mindsets, engage people and make the deep shift to the ongoing mutual learning environment needed for the long-lasting change characteristic of our world today.

Organizational development (OD) is an application or process of building a greater level of efficiency within the organization. OD develops the ongoing effort geared for long-term effects. OD works to help management and employees on a variety of levels. Organizational development is perhaps unequaled in its ability to meet any type of organization needs. However, the solutions developed from the role of OD may not be necessarily interchangeable with different organizations (Grant, 2010).

First, Individualism vs. Collectivism. Individualism is the social function of the relative likelihood of a free and individual means only take care of themselves and their families. By contrast, collectivism is the tendency of social functions relatively tight where each individual to identify themselves as a group with loyalty not need to be asked. The main problem of this dimension is the degree of interdependence of individuals in a