International Recognition Of The Diamond Industry

Today, over two thirds of the world’s diamonds come from one company, De Beers. The London based company was one the first companies involved in the mining for diamonds in Africa immediately following their discovery. Cecil Rhodes was attracted to the new prospects of mining in African and he started his search for diamonds in 1870. Another English immigrant miner named Barney Barnato, Rhodes’ rival, also fought to control the same diamond claims as Rhodes. By 1880, Rhodes had bought out Barnato and had founded De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. Rhodes envisioned controlling the whole diamond market. By 1888, he had realized his vision and he had gained monopolistic control over the whole diamond market. He completed his monopoly with the formation of cartel, the London Diamond Syndicate, who were that biggest diamond merchants of the time. His syndicate allowed him to perfectly match supply with demand. They provided him with critical information about the diamond market allowing him to create an artificially controlled supply of diamonds. In return for their assistance, the diamond merchants were guaranteed a certain amount of diamonds from Rhode’s mines.

Baker explains how the Kimberly Process can be successful and how the process is being abused. Ultimately the process was created to monitor the marketing of diamonds amongst its funding of civil wars, as Baker states, “The Kimberly Process grew out of a 2000 meeting in Kimberly, South Africa, when the world’s major diamond producers and buyers met to address growing concerns, and the threat of a consumer boycott, over the sale of rough, uncut diamonds to fund the brutal civil wars of Angola and Sierra Leone. . .” (Baker 64-65). Every ship carrying rough diamonds are now required to sustain a type of passport, that allows them to internationally trade those diamonds. Although, if they are not able to prove that their diamonds are conflict-free, they could be suspended from international-trade (Baker 65). While Baker displays the beneficial ways the Kimberly Process succeeds, she presents the oppositions claim. The majority of rough diamonds are now smuggled into the Central African Republic, where they are easily issued papers and consequently illegally sold. Also the Kimberly Process does not rally against important principles, Baker discloses that, “Many countries, industry leaders and international organizations—including the U.S.-based World

Canada, which is the headquarters of Barrick Gold Corporation, runs 60 percent of the world’s mining corporations across the globe. Notwithstanding the fact that even though it is the forerunner in this industry, Canada has not taken the lead on mediating or taking responsibility for the behavior of their corporations abroad. The consequence of this carelessness is, Canada has drawn criticisms from around the world, first from the environmental, religious and human rights organizations, and now increasingly from international institutions, such as the United Nations.

The weaknesses noted here was a key factor in calculating a disproportional and incorrect allocation of costs to the CG. Lastly, the protocol office’s partiality for the SJA’s subsequent update, but unapproved for allowable costs and number of participants, had the adverse effect of incorrectly changing the basis of the cost sharing calculations. The cost allocation method used and documented in the supporting records is flawed; the result is it has transferred an inequitable and disproportionate higher cost to the CG.

The story of these infamous diamonds all started with a fifteen year old who found a diamond in his father 's arm. The diamond business started in 1935 when “De Beers” took all control over dining prospects in Sierra Leone. De Beers are a group of companies has a main role in the exploration of diamonds, as well as diamond mining, diamond retail, diamond trading, and industrial diamond manufacturing sectors.This group was founded in 1888, and they are responsible for the problems Sierra Leone is facing today. These diamonds can be found in volcanic pipes. Diamonds are a pure form of carbon in a transparent state. Diamonds have always been a sign of wealth. Historically kings and queens were known for wearing these. Over time many people began lusting over them.

Two years later here in Kimberley, South Africa, an important meeting was held between representatives of all major diamond producing countries, and they discussed how they could put an end to the blood diamond trade. The result was a protocol establishing the international certificate system for diamond trade—the Kimberley Process. It has 75 member countries today. The organization issues a certificate of origin for every single diamond in the world. A diamond is considered illegal if it lacks this certificate. This was the tool for cleaning out the blood diamonds.” However, the Kimberley Process has not put an end to these conflicts. The system is still flawed in many ways. As critics advise, “The world certification system

It has been said that a man must spend three-months’ gross salary to purchase an engagement ring. Although a seemingly joyful and romantic practice, the blood spilled for these beacons of love are not so amorous; the history behind a diamond ring gives an account of violence and corruption. These diamonds are the leading cause for civil war in poverty-stricken developing countries such as Sierra Leone and

and other countries began implicating the Kimberley process certification scheme. The United States give multiple ways to strengthen the KPCS by implementing the clean diamond trade. “ Rough Diamonds” are diamonds that has not been through the Kimberley process. Rough diamonds caused server conflicts in Africa because they are vulnerable to illicit trade. The united states have enhanced the quality of its rough diamond trade by improving its collection process “ United States lacks the requirements” ( Web 2014) The United States the requirement to avoid possible diversion. We as a country is suggesting that we imply the

They use the profits from the sale of the diamonds to finance their revolutionary goals. Blood Diamonds is the term used for diamonds mined and sold in this way. The Kimberly Process was brought about in 2002 by The United Nations, the diamond industry and countries who buy diamonds, to fight against these blood diamonds. The Kimberly Process ensures that diamonds exported from these countries are documented and certified and are not mined and acquired in this way. Only a small amount of these blood diamonds are able to slip through due to this process.

The film marker is trying to raise awareness of the illicit conflict diamond trade and reinforcing the Kimberley process1 and showing how it will stem the flow of conflict diamonds. This is successful mainly due to the public outburst after the movie. The great impact of the movie has caused diamond

De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. identified this threat and 18 years after the discovery in Kimberly they became integrated into South Africa. In order to monopolize De Beers began to buy, from African nations, private mining rights, they also managed to control mine output in order to restrict the supply of diamonds. Unfortunately, despite their best efforts to limit the supply of diamonds with the intention of increasing their price, in the 1930’s the demand for diamonds started to decrease rapidly [Ivona Vogelsang; 2005]. In response to the large decrease

The price of diamonds has been controlled, up until recently, by cartels. Cartels are formed when suppliers of a particular product or service formally agree not to compete with one another. Cartel agreements usually determine the price, output and supply levels as well as where and to whom the product will be distributed to. De Beers is one of the commonly heard names with regard to diamonds. Up until recently De Beers controlled the diamond industry. It both created and lost the most powerful monopoly in history. Through a discussion of how the cartels operate and the laws of demand and supply, one will be able to determine whether the price of diamonds is too high.

The targets supporting the achievement of the goal can be measured, are indeed being measured but fail to provide built in incentives or sanctions should these targets not be met or fulfilled. The idea is to put a stop to deforestation, restore land and water ecosystems, protect the planet’s biodiversity and various species. Key to the success of the goal is the target to significantly increase financial resources to support conservation, sustainable development and ensure equitable sharing and access to resources. Although these targets can be measured, the accuracy of the data can be called into question because government sources are not always the most trustworthy. Some geographical areas of the world have shown to have skewed the facts (“Spot the Rancher”). The failure of the Kyoto accord and the Canadian tar sands illuminate the uphill battle the UN faces in attaining their goal. As long as elected officials choose to favour economic growth and profit over sustainable development and equality the goal will not be achieved and the targets are irrelevant.

Professor of natural resource economics at Columbia University, Scott Barrett, is responsible for producing ‘Environment & statecraft: The strategy of environmental treaty-making’, a book that in his words, “develops a theory of how states can cooperate in protecting their shared environmental resources ” and should utilised to analyse the successfulness of agreements and treaties. What sets this text apart is not his presentation of newly founded information, but rather the craftful piecing together of what Barret labels “disparate ideas” of economic/game theoretic approaches to international cooperation and “to combine and package them in a coherent fashion” (p.358). This is not to suggest that Barrett did not include his unique findings however. Barrett persistently brought to light seemingly original examinations into specific factors influencing poor successful examples of cooperation. This approach results in an extensively scoping survey that highlights the dominant themes in a fashion that allows the information to be accessible and feasibly consumable to any audience willing to follow the core models and is also analytically robust. Notably Barrett put an intensive focus, not only on theory but on how the theory was could be applied in practice. Barrett does this as international cooperation in theory should “provide an approach for the conduct of policy”, and “practitioners need to think deeply about these problems” (p 358). The combination of the ideas and themes

Through its dual focus on environment and development, the Convention is seen as the perfect approach to sustainable development. Since its creation, objectives have evolved and now consist in influencing international actors by raising awareness, providing strong policy frameworks in affected countries, enhancing scientific knowledge about desertification, identifying and addressing capacity building. Finally, it also aims to mobilize as well as improve financial resources (Secretariat UNCCD, 2013). Stinger and numerous Conference of Parties (COP) reports highlight the concerning lack of benchmarks and indicators to understand phenomena, monitor convention’s impacts and progress as well as evaluate possible strategies. This is mostly a consequence of the absence of means to conduct measurements in affected countries. What are the challenges the Convention is facing? So far, has the UNCCD achieved some its targets?