International Relations : a Distinct Discipline.

The English School (ES) of international studies is a modern and unique spectrum to the study of international relations (IR), because it is prominent, relevant and inclusive of the main elements in the other IR theories such as classical Realism, Neorealism, Marxism, Liberalism (Buzan & Gonzalez-Pelaez, 2009), Globalization (Buzan, 2004), Humanitarianism and Positivism IR theories (Buzan & Gonzalez-Pelaez, 2009, p.2-3). The ES of IR is built on the notion of “international society”, in which the states are the primary actors, engaging, co-operating and conversing to produce joint strategies, interventions and arrangements which help to maintain their inter-relations and shared interests to resolve matters (Cornelia Navari, p. 1). The ES embraces the social aspect through dialogue between players on the international politics arena with recognition of sovereignty, solidarity, level of power and leverage, self-interests and competitiveness each state holds in the international realm. It is therefore not a system like most other IR theories but the methodology for contemporary international conversation (Buzan & Gonzalez-Pelaez, 2009 p. 3) between two or more states when necessary within the global framework of laws, international institutions and customary aspects (Buzan & Gonzalez-Pelaez, 2009, pp.3-4). In the 1984 publication ‘The Expansion of International Society’, the classic ES definition is

The era of globalization has witnessed the growing influence of a number of unconventional international actors, from non-governmental organizations, to multi-national corporations, to global political movements. Traditional, state-centric definitions of foreign policy as "the policy of a sovereign state in its interaction with other sovereign states is no longer sufficient. Several alternative definitions are more helpful at highlighting aspects of foreign policy

Three levels of analysis, each with its own distinct strength, reveals three different ways of understanding international relations. The first states that all nation-states behave similarly, the second emphasizes the unique internal factors of a nation-state, while the third level of analysis focuses on the individual deciding a state’s course of action. Each level of analysis is useful in the study of international relations. Indeed, used all together, it is not long before arriving at a point where a vast number of explanations for the actions of a country are brought to light. However, to best understand international relations, one level of analysis is more useful than the rest, because it provides the most comprehensive

The first view will be through the current predominant school of thought in international relations, realism. Although there are several different forms of realism the core ideas are that states are the central actors in international politics rather than individuals

International politics is a way for sovereign states to interact with one another in some by using either treaties or informal and recognized in practice only. There are many difficulties that come with international politics though some have different goals

enrollment that was just 51 in 1945 has ascended to 155. This demonstrates that there is almost a triple augmentation in the number of States. Every one of the States are anxious to affirm their enthusiasm for international relations. Along these lines, worldwide relations of today are truly international in character since every one of the States demand taking an interest actively. Hence, the extension and nature of international politics has totally changed. It has turned out to be profoundly perplexing and entangled.

In today 's era, if there are politics, there is power. It is no surprise, that is fundamental to politics the concept of power. Power, has a constitutive force that defines the discipline of international relations. Power’s meaning has broadened, and it is now an ‘essentially concept’. The developments in conceptual thinking of power have progressively demanded acceptance of new logical focuses, research, methods, as to what counts as international relations. Thus, arguments over the concept of power has helped broaden the discipline of having power. If we have a broad discipline the benefits could affect international relations making our Nations stronger or more effects. Power can be found throughout relationships between individuals and things.

There are two, key conflicting theories in the study of international relations, idealism and realism, known to scholars as the ‘Great Debate’. Realism, offers an account of international affairs through four central ideas; that states are the key players in international relations, the decentralised international stage is anarchic, actors are rational and self-interested

During the interwar era, politicians and governments around the world had self-perceptions of policies, views, and values that would have shaped their states and international interactions. With these politics self-perceptions, it showed to have great instabilities in failing and having issues from their policies and provisions. As with the ‘League of Nations’ international organization formed after world war one. Established a peace-making conference that resulted in

Over the course of the 20th century a multitude of international organizations arose with the purpose of keeping international political, social, and economic peace. Organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the United Nations, and the World Bank are all products of a 20th century push to create a more connected international community. Political scientists such as Thomas Weiss, David Forsythe, Roger Coate, Kelly-Kate Pease and Eva Bertram in their publications The United Nations and Changing World Politics and Reinventing Governments: The Promise and Perils of United Nations Peace Buildings are scholars who have observed the history of these international organizations and analyze their purpose and effectiveness. According to the arguments made by these authors, the exact purpose and effectiveness of organizations such as NATO, the UN, and the World Bank is unclear and constantly changing. However these international organizations have been effective at providing a place of discussion for international relations.

Similarities are found within the basic aspects between traditional and critical security studies. The use of historical studies on issues such as nuclear crises and US grand strategies through military and diplomatic means have still been used on security studies to understand and identify challenges in for the state. (Walt 1991, Pg. 218) Conventional warfare and the challenge to rational deterrence theory which sets territorial boundaries for states are also unescapable concepts.

power it is important to determine the extent and significance of their role in global politics. This paper

The authors go on to explain the concept of international organizations, and their importance in terms of international relations, from a historical perspective. As Yi-chong and Weller

The principle of international relations during the Cold War, realism, completely disregards the impact of culture on interactions between states. For realists, the imperative actors on the international scene are states and their ultimate goal is maximizing the power they can ultimately possess. In general, realist theory coincides with the idea that no matter the time period or the state, actors all have one

Social humanitarian sciences focus on studying global political processes and the object of its research are social phenomena, which are defined as “international relations” in the world we know. International relations are comprised of many different categories, such as foreign policy, international politics or world politics. However, the central issue of international politics is the international relations. The term “international relations” has been first used by English philosopher J. Bentham at the end of 18th century. It is important to note that it is not accidentally that the term appeared at that particular time, as the border line of 18-19th centuries is marked by evolution of the international relations’