International Trade And Gender Wage Inequality

On the wage front, Boudreaux notes the “high correlation between openness to foreign trade and people’s material prosperity.” The numbers provided within back him up. Between 1980 and 1998 citizens of countries most closed to trade had average annual per-capita incomes that were 13 percent of the wages earned by citizens in countries lacking heavy barriers to exchange. This shouldn’t surprise us when we consider labor is by definition finite, but potential jobs

On June 10th 1963, the Equal Pay Act was passed. This was the first time that it became illegal for women to be paid less wages than men, but this paper will argue in the U.S. today the gender wage gap still exists. The definition of gender wage gap as stated by the U.S. government is defined as women who work full time or salary based jobs who receive less earnings than their male counterparts who work equal level jobs (“Equal Pay,” n.d.).[] This analysis will focus on the years of 2012 to 2014, and in these years it is clear that the gender wage gap exists. The topic of gender wage gap sociologically important for many reasons. The most obvious being that women who are in a position that requires them to provide for others will have less money than they should based on their job and skill set. Secondly, being that if women are making less than men for the same amount of skill and work, the workplace is telling the woman that the man is more valuable for the same work, thus saying that the man is superior to the woman. All in all, the gender wage gap has poor sociological implications, and the data analysis in the following paper will prove its existence.

“They” say, “We’ve come a long way baby!” “They” are both correct and incorrect at the same time. While it is true that women have come a long way from June Cleaver and the typical 50’s housewife to the modern two parent working household, statistically, it would take women approximately one extra day of work per week to earn the same as their male counterpart. So, while women have begun to work in higher paying professional and managerial jobs that before were typically held by men; they are paid less. This is gender discrimination and is commonly known as the Gender Wage Gap. There are many arguments as to why there is a wage gap between men and women; there are those who argue that women are taking lower-paying jobs, so they can attend to the needs of their families. Others argue that women are purposely choosing fields that pay less. One thing is clear, though: a gender wage gap exists, and if steps are not taken to remedy this situation, women may never see equal pay for equal work.

The gender wage gap is the differences in the average wage of men and women within the economy as a whole. Over the last few decades’ women have entered the working world in record breaking numbers, however, compared to men, women are paid significantly less and tend to be the ones to hold lower paying jobs and to live in Poverty. It is not that women are choosing lower income jobs; they simply do not have the same opportunities as men do. This issue is not only present in higher wage levels and education categories; it is present on all levels. In 2013 women earned 78 cents for every dollar a man did. The gap narrowed between the 1970’s and 1980’s, but it has stopped narrowing and has remained between 76 and 78 cents since 2001. (Council of

Over the years it has become evident that women face far more significant barriers in the workforce than men do. A clear representation of this barrier is established by the gender pay gap, which is the difference in monetary amount received between a woman 's and a man 's average weekly earnings. The economy, as a social institution, is affected by gender and sex inequality. The idea of inequality in the workplace is central to explaining wage disparities and is a crucial factor that intervenes between a person 's human capital. Despite a woman 's depth of knowledge and commendable work ethic, there still remains significant obstacles to

Intro: The globalization phenomenon has presented a wide variety of contradictions. As an onset of globalization one would believe that due to the rapidly expanding and interconnected world, more opportunities which foster growth would be presented. Though gender equality is a prime example of a facet of globalization which has continued to fluctuate through time, creating paradoxes in its path. At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution the relationship between private and public spheres based on gender were very prominent.

Labor Market under globalization focuses on how globalization and the neoliberal policies have shaped labor markets and the various transformations which have resulted in many challenges that people are facing. For example, employment and income insecurity, increase in inequality, gender arrangement of the workforce and worsening of working conditions. In terms of globalization the reading mostly focused on the development of different technologies which has made it very simple to increase productivity. The reading states that the notion of men being the only breadwinner of the family no longer exists as women too have been able to participate in different work fields and financially support themselves and their family. Though women have proved

The issue of discrimination based on gender when determining the amount of salary or wages can earn has remained a thorn in the flesh in many economies. In fact in some countries the women are regarded lesser beings and therefore seriously discriminated against when deciding how much they can earn. In many people's opinion, the issue is no longer women's issue but rather a societal issue that many governments strive to eliminate. The reason why women should really be discriminated against when they can equitably do their best in their areas of specialization is a question that remains unanswered among many nations.

Countries that impose obstacles to exchange by domestic or international does not reduce their citizen’s ability to have a prosperous life. Specialization and free trade allows countries to be more competitive as well as innovated. While we are losing manufacturing jobs to other 3rd world nations, doing this forces the younger generation to seek higher education and will produce better technology to help our nation prosper. This will cause a higher standards of living and higher wage payments.

In today’s world, most of the countries are considering their income distribution based on three major factors: decline in wage share, increasing wage distribution and government expenditure and tax policies. On the other side, trade union power has declined, so collective bargaining has been weakened and that has created lot of low-wage sectors in almost all the countries covered under OECD (Organisation of Economic Corporation and Development). In developed countries, earlier there was argument that this low-wage sector is the result of globalisation and technical evolution. This argument further extended in such manner that the globalisation also drove this low skilled labour production in developing countries as well.

According to Boris Hirsch and associates, gender wage gaps should vary among densely populated regions and less densely populated regions. Using an estimating Mincerian earnings function that controls for individual characteristics and reflecting the productivity of the worker, we are able to get the ceteris paribus of the gender pay gap that will not be able to be explained by any differences in the productivity of workers. They also used the approach developed by Oaxaca and Blinder which estimated two separate earnings functions- one for men and one for women. They then decompose the gender pay gap into two parts- an explained part due to different endowments in workers characteristics and an unexplained part. This is known as the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition (Hirsch et. al., 2009).

The study "Global Employment Trends for Women" distributed by the International Labor Organisation (ILO) in 2009 gives current data about the world wide gender pay hole. Suspicions about a decay or increment in the pay gap between ladies and men rely upon the information accessible and contrast in the subjects of study and nation particular wage and pay organization. Along these lines a more intensive look ought to be taken at provincial specificities.

The paper will analyze the differences between women and men salaries. The salaries are definitely higher for men than women in all age groups. Women with higher education will receive higher pay but not equal to men with the same years of experience due to gender, and education. The data statements that were found was that males work longer than females which may cause a lower percentage in salary for females, and that females do not negotiate salary as much as men. Another issue caused is that women in the workforce are less likely to work a full-time schedule, and leave the labor force for longer periods of time than men, which repress women’s wages. These differing work

If the World Trade Organization eliminates tariffs and quotas, it could create more jobs, which could result in more wealth or new wealth for the country because of increased demand and increased trade of a product(s) that a country produces. However, if a developing country substantially increases

The gender wage gap has been a problem for a while now in not just the US but around the world, and women all over the world have stories of the gender wage gap affecting them. Jana Kasperkevic, the author of Unequal Pay for Women ‘I was Told Men Should Make More’ points out,