International Trade : The United States

The U.S government needs to intervene with international trade because international trade plays crucial role in the growth of the United States. The international trade creates a competition, and it promotes transfers of technology and it allows consumers and businesses have access to the best products that are worldwide. Without having the US government involved it could create major issues with trading where some people and or companies could end up breaking laws.

When studying trade and commodities of Empires in any period of time, it is important to look at the changes that the trade created within the involved nations. What crops were popular enough to grow commercially in the empire, what the increase of trade did to the population demographics, and how the global system influenced the interactions of the countries involved can be found through close reading primary sources. Through sources like Trade and Travel in the Far East by G.F. Davidson and Tearful Conversation over the Mulberry Fields and the Sea by Nguyen Thuong Hien, scholars can determine the impact these factors had on the lives of those who experienced empirical trade. In comparing these two documents, the most prominent focus is on

U.S. trade patterns are an important topic of study due to America’s power and central position in the international market. This topic of US trade partners and our trading patterns with those partners has been approached from a variety of perspectives by several economists. Namely, Sattinger (1978), Srivastava and Green (1986), Summary (1989), and Pollins (1989a and 1989b). The literature draws many conclusions from American competitiveness and the political and social factors that help explain bilateral trade patterns the choice of trade partners. And while there is an abundance of literature concerning this topic there has been little done from the perspective of how America’s trade partners have developed and shifted over the last 25 years, which is what this paper will focus on achieving. International trade flows are also an important topic and have been estimated by many economists including, Tinbergen (1962), Anderson (1979), Helpman and Krugman (1985), Helpman (1987), Feenstra (2002), and Anderson and van Wincoop (2003). Each of these researchers used a variant of the gravity model to estimate trade flows which not only demonstrates the continuing empirical validity of the model but gives firm background with which to base this analysis. The basic gravity model states that the volume of trade between two countries is proportional to the size of the two economies, and various measures of trade resistance such as geographical distance between the countries,

Furthermore, the United States now leads the world in service exports. A service export encompasses anything from banking, financial services, tourism, entertainment and education etc. The world’s economy is evolving and shifting, economies not only can manufacture goods from raw material but utilize information and new technology. The United States is now a nation that creates jobs that are no longer in the traditional manufacture sector. In the past few years, a rise and expansion in entrepreneurial companies are very visible Estimates show that small service companies provide over 40 million jobs in the United States alone. Trade policy barriers across the world have been demolished to such a degree that the United States has become more

However, it was apparent to economists that nations with similar resource endowments exchanged similar products with each other. Economists felt that trade explained solely by comparative advantage was an incomplete analysis of international trade. Furthermore, since the classical trade theory was unable to explain intraindustry trade, economists decided to expand on the classical trade theory by creating a new theory of trade (Carbaugh, 2011). The new theory states that economies of scale provide incentive for a country to specialize in a particular product (Carbaugh, 2011). Furthermore, based on economies of scale, nations with similar factor endowments will trade with each other as sometimes it is beneficial (Carbaugh, 2011). Arguments stemming from this new trade theory puts the economic case for free trade in doubt.

Problem: Working class Americans experience difficulties in finding work as labor intensive jobs are moved abroad. At the same time free trade is beneficial for the global economy as a whole. Here we can see a clash in interests as the interests of those in developing countries are protected as well by the WTO and free trade tends to be beneficial for the economy as a whole. However, the problem is that 20% of the prime male working population between the ages of 25-54 are unemployed and this number is around 35% of those who don’t have a high school diploma. For marginalized groups such as African American males the teen unemployment is over 40% and that of young black men from the ages of 16-24 is over 30%.

As we know US went from being a net exporter to a net importer in a short span of time. Currently US economy is strong but with lots of debt. These changes in trade gap and debt were caused basically due to other developing nations coming up with low cost manufacturing system and thus US ended importing products from other countries. Also many US manufacturers moved their factories abroad due to cheap labor and other services. Some companies are considering reshoring and bringing at least some part of the process back to US as labor cost and other services are rising in other countries. This paper gives a detailed account of all the factors

Countries are enabled by free international trade to specialise or to focus in the production of the goods in which they have a comparative advantage. Specialisation countries can take the benefit of efficiencies generated from increased output and economies of trade. The size of the firm’s market are increased by the international trade which results in lower average costs and increasing in productivity, as it ultimately leads to increase in production.

The United States is a leader in international business transactions. As a result the law surrounding international business structures and business dealings has flourished in the United States. Companies around the world who have no ties to the United States use this country in forum selection clauses because they want the efficient structure of our legal system and alternative dispute resolution options. For being so advanced in most other areas of international business transaction law, one would think that the practice of law here in the United States would also be efficient and groundbreaking. Not only is the legal market in the United States behind the eight ball, but current legal ethics rules prevent law firms from utilizing some more flexible business structures. One of these is allowing law firms to be owned by non-lawyers, for example becoming a publically held company. By allowing law firms the option of being publically held, they have a better opportunity to reach greater potential. Like in most other fields the world is becoming smaller, and it is normal to do business internationally. Without changes in the ethics rules that affect the ownership and management of law firms in the United States, they will be left behind in a world where it is becoming increasingly important to be first and stay first in the international market of legal services.

     International trade has been in existence throughout history and has an economic impact on the participating countries. Trade in most countries has a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and helps to boost the

Free trade has long be seen by economists as being essential in promoting effective use of natural resources, employment, reduction of poverty and diversity of products for consumers. But the concept of free trade has had many barriers to over come. Including government practices by developed countries, under public and corporate pressures, to protect domestic firms from cheap foreign products. But as history has shown us time and time again is that protectionist measures imposed by governments has almost always had negative effects on the local and world economies. These protectionist measures also hurt developing countries trying to inter into the international trade markets.

Ever since the first involvement of government in international trade, many people have posed their opinion about what the role of government should be in it. Different factors are involved when it comes to deciding what this should be. It impacts a lot of people, so in order to do that, trade policy must be properly defined, identify what the roles of government currently are, and their involvement in it, and then analyse what should be their role. Trade policy is how a country carries out trade with other countries (Commercial Policy, n.d). Even though a lot of people support government intervention in international trade, countries would benefit a lot more if the government removes protectionism and promotes free trade instead.

The international trade of goods across the world accounts for approximately 60% of the world Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank, 2014). A great proportion of goods transactions occur every second. The primary question is whether international trade benefits a country as an entirety, and, if so, why would a country implement protective trade policies to restrict particular exports? To address this question, this essay aims to explore the impact of trade on various economic stakeholders, including consumers, producers, labour and government and, furthermore, will compare models and theories with reality to ascertain the true winner/ loser in the international trade market.

Comparative advantage is a principle developed by David Ricardo in the early 19th century to explain the benefits of mutual trade (Carbaugh, 2008). Many underlying assumptions of comparative advantage depend on states of economic equilibrium and an absence of economy of scale. In reality, economies are dynamic and subject to innovation and interference; which has led to revised assumptions of return and competition (Krugman, 1987). These factors have created questions of free trade and governmental participation in an economy by the development of strategic trade policies. These new concepts do not replace the theory of comparative advantage; however, they further explain how trade can benefit a country's economy (Krugman, 1987).

Government intervention in the trade process may be either economic or noneconomic in nature. [See Table 7.1.]