International trade in Turkey
December 2012
Summary :Turkey at a glance......................................................3Economy of Turkey....................................................3International Trade - now and then.........................4Exports........................................................................5Imports.......................................................................7Trade balance.............................................................8Trade agreements and policies.................................8International Trade strategy...................................10Conclusion................................................................11
Turkey at a glanceTurkey, officially known as
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Turkey is the largest producer and exporter of agricultural products in the Near East and North Africa region and ranks seventh worldwide in farm output. The European Union is by far Turkey 's leading customer (56.4% of Turkish exports), followed by the United States, China and Iraq. In total, Turkey’s international trade amounted to $334.7 billion or 45.9% of its overall GDP. This compares with roughly 25% for the U.S. and 60% for Canada.
Exports
The main principle of export is to allow the goods that are in free circulation to leave Turkey for export purposes.The export regime of Turkey is managed by the Undersecretariat of Foreign Trade
(General Directorate for Exports). A major role is also played by the Export Promotion
Centre of Turkey.
Turkey exports were worth 13013 Million USD in September of 2012. Historically, from 1984 until 2012, Turkey Exports averaged 3809.8 USD Million reaching an all time high of 13246.7 USD Million in June of 2012 and a record low of 437.0 USD Million in July of 1984. Turkey is the world’s 31st biggest exporter. Turkey’s major export products include clothes, electronics, automobiles and agricultural products. Other major products exported from Turkey include iron and steel, mineral fuels and oil, precious
* Products that are commonly exported from the United States are things such as medicines, aircrafts, and cars. These are products are also important to humanity of different countries.
· What happens when there is a surplus of imports brought into the U.S.? Cite a specific example of a product with an import surplus, and the impact that has on the U.S. businesses and consumers involved. When there is a surplus of imports brought into the U.S. it means that the price of the product(s) will drop. U.S. companies that are competing with the Chinese made products will suffer from price drops of the goods. With consumers it will benefits the consumer with the lower price on goods. Large screen LCD/HDTV is a good example. Since the recession there has been a surplus of large screen HDTV. Not many people can afford or buy them since the prices were high. Now large screen LCD/HDTV is much cheaper than what it was 4 years ago.
Exports are the goods or services made domestically and sent to other countries. This is important to a country’s economy, as it can become a big source of revenue for the country.
These two factors have caused a severe economic recession in Turkey (ibid). In 2002, more than two million jobs in Turkey were lost and the economy shrunk by 9.4 percent (ibid). The 1991 Gulf War left Turkey with no leg to stand on. With an economy in crisis, refugee and trade problems, and the continued necessity of a strong military, Turkey's resources are being stretched thin. However, the U.S. has supported some efforts to aid Turkey. This may be seen as the United State's way of making up for the problems they have caused. Regardless of the intention, the U.S. has pushed for efforts that benefit Turkey.
Ottoman Empire’s economy emerged a problem due to their lack of consciousness to modernize. The most important external reason, highly affect its economic later on, is the changing of the global trading
Sr. No. 1. 1 Export (a) Agricultural Products (b) Animal Products (c) Marine Products (d) Mineral Products (e) Forest Products (f) Manufacture Goods (inclusive of natural gas) (g) Others 2. Import (a)Capital Goods (b) Industrial Raw Materials ( ) (c) Consumer Goods 3.
Turkey is geographically in a unique geographic situation as it is technically in both Europe and Asia. Turkey is a European country in respect to politics. It borders Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Greece, Bulgaria, Iran, and Iraq. Five regions with unique topography, foliage, and climate divide the country. The region’s most pertinent to U.S. foreign policy are the Mediterranean region (south), Eastern Anatolia (Far East) and the Marmara-Istanbul region. (Agnarella)
International trade is the exchange of goods, capital, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries this trade represents a significant share of their (GDP) gross domestic product. This type of trade has political, economic, and social importance to all nations involved. There are many factors surrounding international trade, such as, advantages, limitations, foreign exchange rates, and others. As we review these factors, this will allow us to better understand how international trade truly functions.
Turkey has the advantage of being a secular country; this in a sense makes them very neutral. Without the problems you see in other surrounding countries with extremely corrupt governments, trade can be as painless as possible. With the Turkish Government establishing good trade relations with other countries only the market culture is to be considered. For example, the difference between Germany and the UK. Germany has a need for Arceliks products to be of higher quality and thus of a certain value, once the price drops to much it will not be bought. It was noted that a reputation in Germany would need to be established in order to thrive. In the UK the strategy was different and prices were lower due to the fact that the culture demands things at lower prices regardless of reputation etc. These two differences can be attested to cultural implications from each country. Germany being a more developed country with more wealth, has a higher standard of living and therefore have the luxury of choosing only the best products for new homes. These types of markets will be harder to break into, due to an un established reputation.
Turkey is surrounded by 4 seas. In the north we have the Black sea. In the northwest we have the Marmara. We have the Aegean in the west. The Mediterranean is in the South.
The top export categories in 2013 were: Machinery ( $5.5 trillion), vehicles ( $3.5 trillion), Electrical Machinery ( $2.3 trillion), optical and Medical instruments ( $2.2 trillion), and Aircraft ( $1.9 trillion).
Some export commodities are transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, and automobiles. Here are some of the trading partners:
In this I am going to assess the methods to increase trade between countries and the methods to restrict trade between countries. When asses the methods of encouraging and restricting trade I will talk about the purpose for the methods of promoting and restricting international trade, identify how and why they might be used and I will decide how useful each method is giving appropriate reasons for it. International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries.
Western Anatolia is one of the first regions with Balkans that joined to world economy. Above all, in the nineteenth century and after, it stayed as a part of Ottoman Empire and then, involved to Turkish Republic. Reşat Kasaba chose the examples from Western Anatolia for these
Turkey is a great developing country which has the world 's 15th largest GDP-PPP and 17th largest nominal GDP. Its GDP and population has increasing continuously from 2008-2011(chart1.1 and 1.2 below)