Internet Fraud

However, the goods and services sold on eBay can be considered perfectly competitive. There is a multitude of buyers, or producers, and consumers have options with substitutes. Most of the products sold within their category are similar and for the quality of the product, they are typically within the same price range of one another, and each individual seller chooses their price based on other similar goods sold on the site.

Cybercrime has experienced significant progress during recent years, as its advance is directly proportional with the advance of technology. In spite of the fact that the authorities devise new and better strategies to fight cybercrime, the fact that the number of people online is constantly increasing means that cybercrimes occur even more frequently. Dishonest people who seek opportunities have discovered how the internet stands as a perfect environment for them to commit crimes by taking as little risks as possible. Computer fraud generates a series of benefits for the person committing it, as he or she can either profit financially from the enterprise or can simply alter files in order for his or her image to be positively affected. Identity theft is a major form of cybercrime and it is essential for society to acknowledge the gravity of the matter in order to be able to effectively fight against criminals using it.

An Internet crime can be a developmental scheme by the perpetrator, using different elements of the internet, and false representation to deprive a person's property or any interest (Kim et al., 2012). Although botched representation comes along, with the provision of misleading information or anonymity of data. In the recent years, there has been an increasing trust of consumers and businesses in the carrying out of particular actions. The amplifying usage comes along with the electronic communication during the act of major business rules. The increasingly rising internet crimes have come along with the global advancement that incorporates internet based conduct of business (Anderson et al., 2013). In the digital era the crime perpetrators, have absorbed the idea of shifting with times leading to the high number of the crimes. The reason that we cannot distinguish between the self additionally the risk trader comes in with internet crime given that a face-to-face communication and monitoring barrier. With that respect, the associated internet fraud has greatly affected by the general allowance, trust, and the usage. The paper will center on the effects attached to social cost, trust, and usage associated with internet fraud.

A trend that has recently emerged as a violation of section 10(b) is the use of the internet to engage in pumping and dumping. Although not a new concept, the internet has been used to increase the effect because of its ability to disperse particular company information very quickly in order to affect stock prices. Persons initiating this deceptive behavior can sell their stocks for profit once they see that the changes to price have occurred. This type of behavior is considered fraud since it is a manipulation of

This is a strategy that can apply to products with consumable supplies. This is where the pricing at high prestige levels, otherwise they will not sell; customers equate higher quality with higher prices.

Internal fraud consists in “a type of fraud that is committed by an individual against an organization. [Furthermore], a perpetrator of fraud engages in activities that are designed to defraud, misappropriate property, or circumvent the regulations, law, or policies of a company”[8]. Not only has the incidence of internal fraud increased in frequency because of the availability of sensitive information such as client details or confidential business documents; moreover, this type of fraud is found in various types of organizations, ranging from corporations, public service institutions and financial institutions. Our analysis will concentrate on the most common and prolific types of internal fraud, namely identity theft, insider trading, loan fraud and wire fraud. Interestingly, PriceWaterhouseCooper conducted a survey that revealed that the “demographics of a typical fraudster are as follows: males (85% of cases), 31-50 years (72% of cases), reached high-school level (50%), Bachelor’s or post graduate degree (50%) and middle or senior management (52%)”[9].

|  technical capability of seller, understanding of work by seller, and business type of seller.

This is when the seller deliberately makes false statements of goods and this would be called fraud which is a criminal offence. Example of this would be someone selling a fake Apple watch and told the buyer that’s its real when it’s not. Under the Act, the court would fine the person that sold the watch. The customer that is affected would be able to cancel the contract and claim their money back.

“Many legal issues are related to e-commerce. When buyers and sellers do not know each other and cannot even see each other (they may even be in different countries), there is a chance of fraud and other crimes over the Internet. During the first few years of EC, the public witnessed many of these, ranging from the creation of a virtual bank that disappeared along with the investors’ deposits, to manipulation of stock prices on the Internet” (Turban et al., 2010).

It is important to first gain an understanding of the various types of fraud, in order to aid understanding in regards to the prevention of fraudulent activity. This paper begins with a review of the definition of financial fraud, and identification of the different fraud types. Further, included is an examination of what motivates individuals to commit fraud, including an identification of some of the method in which people commit fraud. A discussion of the importance of the fraud triangle, and how rationalization contributes to fraud is a key area of focus. Finally, there is an examination of some controls that prevent and detect fraudulent behavior, including the value and importance of understanding the nature of fraud for

The english auctioning process is followed at the beginning of the action process seller agent chooses an initial price and announces the quantity $ { Q }_{m}$ . Each agent has a minimum sell price which is determined by the cost function of individual agent, the minimum sell price is $ \left\{ { sp }_{ 1 },{ sp }_{ 2 },{ sp }_{ 3 },......{ sp }_{ m } \right\} $.

The electronic auction websites have a role of providing the mean to the people who want to sell their electronic devices on the websites in order to get the maximum sale price of the product. The role of these auction sites is to reduce the risk of sellers, protect intellectual property rights, support laws and regulations, provide equal opportunity to the sellers and provide the more enjoyable buying and selling experience to the visitors. There should be proper policies for buying and selling electronic items on the auctions websites (Jacobson, 2003- 2015).

According to Daniel F. Dooley (2008), a member of the Commercial Fraud Taskforce, financial fraud with private middle-market companies is on the rise. In fact, Mr. Dooley believes that he has seen more instances of fraud in the past two years than in the previous ten. He notes seven areas in which financial fraud has increased over the past few years:

Milgrom and Weber [13] have shown that the English auction dominates all other auction formats in terms of seller 's expected profit, when the comparison is restricted to symmetric equilibria. Myerson [14] and Riley and Samuelson [15] explain that if the buyers are risk neutral and have independently and identically distributed private values, then, for the majority of probability distributions, the seller 's expected profit is maximized making it the optimal bidding strategy. The item is awarded to the buyers with the highest value, and any buyer whose value is lower than an optimally set threshold receives zero expected surplus. These two conditions, however, are satisfied by a large array of trading mechanisms, including each of the standard auctions all with the same seller 's reserve price.

Among the nine factors of the perfect fraud storm; the economy, incentives, and expectations all fulfilled the three elements of the fraud triangle providing the necessary motivation for management to succumb to