Internet Of Things Challenges Forensics

GPS, drones, spying, and nuclear war are all capabilities of the everyday items around us. These “normal” devices such as an iPhone or computer are all part of an enormous web infrastructure called the internet of things (IOT). The internet of things is a link between the online world and the physical world through connected devices which can achieve physical accomplishments such as taking a pulse. The Internet of things was said to have been discovered in 1999 during a presentation at Procter and Gamble. When Business moguls were trying to find a way to make the internet profitable, they manufactured the term internet of things. Ironically, IOT tracked its usage of term online through “Google Trends”. According to Google, since 2004 IOT was

Electronic evidence is very fragile because it can be destroyed or altered very easily, therefore it is imperative that investigators follow very careful all the procedural steps when collecting electronic evidence (Diversified Forensics). Before any electronic evidence is gathered investigators should determine whether there is probable cause that a crime has been committed, or if the crime was committed somewhere else the investigator should determine whether the electronic evidence will aid the investigation process to prove or disapprove the crime, if a warrant is needed it must be obtained prior to collecting the evidence (Diversified Forensics). Hard drives, computers, and other electronic devices must be turned off, unplug all cables,

A vast majority of citizens in this country are not aware of their rights as it pertains to their electronic devices. By following the practices of digital forensics and the laws set fourth to govern electronic devices. The justice system will become more clear to the average citizen.

Table of Contents Introduction 1 What can investigators are expected to retrieve using Mobile Forensics? 1 What do these evidence create the links to tell us about the suspect? 1 GPS Technology 2 What is GPS? 2 How does GPS works?

Data is crucial to the success of any company and they are now increasing their efforts in soliciting and retrieving customer data to learn more about their client's preferences, likes, and dislikes. This, among other factors has attributed to a growing field of data science where data scientists learn to collect crucial data. While there are many types of data, this paper will primarily focus on digital data and how digital scientists can retrieve these data to support provide information for the crown or for the defense. This area has received more attention because criminals such as terrorists have realized the effectiveness of using digital devices to aid in their criminal endeavors (Reith, Carr & Gunsch, 2002, p.2). To combat this, law enforcement agencies are now relying on digital scientists to preserve, collect, analysis and interpret "digital evidence derived from digital sources" (Vincze, 2016, p.184) to help prevent cybercrime and prosecute (or exonerate) suspects. The purpose of this paper is then to illustrate why digital forensic is crucial to addressing the new dangers presented in our society by analyzing the strengths and demonstrating why the weaknesses of the field

Besides these, amber alerts, crime analysis such as Compstat technology, and gunshot location or detection, robotic cameras are other devices that have also been beneficial to the investigation process (Chen, 2013). Computer forensic technology also makes it possible for law enforcement to search and analyze data on crime during investigations in a prompt and efficient manner.

Countries are regularly updating their legal guidelines to explain how digital evidence affects the digital constitution act. As a result, criminals developed their own tools to conceal their crimes creating real-world challenges for forensics investigators. Today, investigators need to learn from many standards of practice: researching from old to new computer systems, expand mechanical knowledge, create new developments and solutions for any investigation.

Digital forensics has been responsible for putting away thousands and thousands of criminals. Ranging from simple crime computer crimes to child pornography. To get quality evidence that can be admissible in court there are steps that are needed in preparing a computer investigation. There are also requirements for data recovery, as well as procedures for corporate investigations. “Digital forensics has become prevalent because law enforcement recognizes that modern day life includes a variety of digital devices that can be exploited for criminal activity, not just computer systems. While computer forensics tends to focus on specific methods for extracting evidence from a particular platform, digital forensics must be modeled such that it can encompass all types of digital devices, including future digital technologies” (Reith, Carr, and Gunsch, 2002).

Computer forensics (which applies to personal computers, mobile phones, pagers, etc.) has been indispensable in cracking cases involving terrorism, sexual predation, and even murder . Unfortunately, though, more recently technology has become more secure, password-protected, and encrypted, which causes intense difficulty in the use of computer forensics in investigative work. There have been dozens of crimes committed where technology, if it were accessible, would have played a critical role in its solution. Yet due to the passwords on these phones, information that might be so crucial is unavailable to police. In particular, there was a murder committed in Baton Rouge in April 2015, where a pregnant woman named Brittney Mills was shot by—law enforcement cannot tell. They believe that it was someone she knew, but were incapable of getting many leads, and they were not able to access the young woman’s phone, though they strongly believe that Mills’s iPhone could hold the key to unlocking the mystery of her death. The victim’s mother shared that she knew Brittney had a diary on her phone, recording all the negative things that happened to her, and perhaps this would have held some clue to the woman’s killer. Alas, her phone had not been backed up to iCloud for a few days, and nobody knew Brittney’s phone’s password. The intelligence on the phone could not be recovered for

This certification validates both cloud computing and virtualization skills (Tittel & Kyle, 2016). Our mobile device specialist has a bachelor’s degree in information technology, five years of professional experience, and holds a CompTIA Mobility+ certification. This specialist knows how to carefully extract data from mobile devices. Our computer forensic examiner has a bachelor’s degree in digital forensics, seven years professional experience, and has an AccessData (ACE) certification. The ACE demonstrates this examiner’s proficiency with Forensic Toolkit technology. All of our analysts are trained to secure, document, and transport evidence as well as properly store the digital evidence in order to maintain its integrity and prepare scientific reports on their

Since the introduction of computer and technology, they have become the new weapon in committing crime, and to the burgeoning science of digital evidence, law enforcement now use computers to fight crime. Nevertheless, digital evidence is information stored, transmitted, and received in binary form that can potentially be relied on as evidence in court. Notwithstanding, digital evidence is commonly associated with crimes that involve such devices, such as a computer hard drives, external storage devices, mobile phones, among others, and are often referred to as e-crimes. However, to fight e-crime, law enforcement must collect relevant digital evidence for such crimes, law enforcement agencies are incorporating the collection and analysis of digital evidence, also referred to as computer forensics, into many of their infrastructures.

This thesis aims to determine what attorneys consider to be the three most important characteristics of an expert witness from law enforcement digital forensics personnel. The analysis of digital evidence and court testimony of a digital investigator will be heard by a jury and thus will have a part in that jury’s determination of the guilt or innocence of the person who is accused of a crime. Offenses ranging from misdemeanors to capital crimes such as murder could possibly be involved, with sentences ranging from probation to the death penalty in Alabama. The testimony of the person who collects, examines, and reports on the evidence in a case can literally make the difference between life and death for the defendant. The qualifications of the witness giving testimony about digital forensic evidence are of supreme importance.

Internet of Things (IoT) are devices that can collect and share data with no human interactions. IoT are machines that connect to other machines. Examples of IoT’s are fitness trackers that report to a smart phone, smart vacuum cleaners that are self- propelled, and Apps for your smart phone that can adjust lighting, temperature or security features at your house when you are away.

The Internet of Things, or as many people like to call it IoT, is a wide growing industry with technology that is advancing each and every day. Physical objects are becoming mapped with technology that us humans will eventually come in contact with and interact over the internet. The Information Technology world feeds off of this industry because the internet is storing this data that we use, and the IT industry just comprehends it. With more physical objects being mapped in the real world, the IT industry will need more people to help control all of the systems and data that is being used. An example of this is if a company lacked a certain product then that problem would be reported to the company and further deliveries would be conducted (Weber, Pg. 23) This fast growing industry is remarkable, and the developments of the legal, social, ethical, and security, can be just as astounding.

The concept of the internet of things abbreviated as IoT was introduced as early as the late 90’s by Kevin Ashton, the Executive Director of Auto-ID Labs and a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Now, “the Internet of things is already a disruptive technology capable of determining fundamental changes that are happening in everyday life, and it is considered the fourth industrial revolution.” (Hucanu) The Internet of Things (IoT)