The respiratory system and the digestive system interrelate because the respiratory system takes the oxygen that it needs for the body from the outer side and brings it into the lungs and there it is diffused through the lungs into the blood stream. The circulatory system carries the oxygenated blood throughout the body in where the oxygen is exchanged for waste materials and the carbon dioxide is carried back to the lungs and let out of the atmosphere to exchange for the oxygen. The digestive system interrelates with the respiratory system because, the respiratory gives oxygen to the digestive system. The digestive system interrelates with the respiratory system because they both need energy to work
When oxygen and glucose reacts together
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ATP is stored in a cell. Energy is stored in lots of places that can be converted to ATP, glucose is stored as glycogen and this can be converted into an ATP by cells that contain mitochondria and muscles can also burn glycogen directly. Fatty acids can also be turned to ATP through the same method, the brain uses a lot of energy which challenges the metabolism of an organ that uses energy to work.
ATP is created through respiration in both animals and plants, the difference between them is that the plant gets their food from photosynthesis and animals through eating and the breakdown of the digestive system to obtain glucose for the creation of ATP. Energy is created through cell respiration and the process occurs in three steps when oxygen is present, the glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the cytochrome system.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell and it is where the glucose molecule is broken down through molecules. The enzymes used removes the hydrogen from glucose which is called oxidation this is where hydrogen atoms are taken to the cytochrome system. In anaerobic respiration the glucose splits into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and when oxygen is produced the pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon compounds in the Krebs cycle and when oxygen is not present the pyruvic acid is broken down to lactic
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The pyruvic acid from the glycolysis stage diffuses into a cell organelle called a mitochondria and they are shaped as a sausage structure in order to host a large surface area for respiration to take place. The pyruvic acid is a subject that more enzymes break down into the carbon compound and the diagram illustrates the Kerb’s cycle that consists of three main actions firstly the carbon element in the infinite cycle in where the two carbons compounds derived from pyruvic acids that binds with the carbon compound and this is always present in the cycle. Then the carbon dioxide is released when the oxygen that is presented in the aerobic respiration and combines with carbon from the carbon compounds that is released as carbon dioxide and therefore animals to breath it out in order to take the carbon dioxide out of the animal’s body. Enzymes oxidise the carbon compounds and they transport the hydrogen atoms to the cytochrome
A). The anaerobic metabolism of glucose to pyruvate is called glycolysis. This sequence of reactions will generate two molecules of pyruvate for every one molecule of glucose. This metabolism is anaerobic, which means that it does not require oxygen to be completed. The first phase of the process of glycolysis is called the preparatory phase. The entire process of glycolysis is started once glucose is trapped inside
Aerobic respiration happens only when oxygen is presented in the cell. Aerobic respiration starts with pyruvate crossing into the mitochondria. When it passes through, a Coenzyme A will attach to it producing Acetyl CoA, CO2, and NADH. Acetyl CoA will enter into the Krebs cycle. In the Krebs cycle Acetyl CoA will bound with Oxaloacetic Acid (OAA), a four carbon molecule, producing the six carbon molecule, Citric Acid. Citric Acid will reorganize into Isocitrate. This will lose a CO2 and make a NADH turning itself into alpha ketoglutarate, a five carbon molecule. Alpha ketoglutarate will turn into an unstable four carbon molecule, which attaches to CoA making succinyl CoA. During that process a CO2 and NADH is made. An ATP is made when CoA leaves and creates Succinate. This molecule is turned into Fumarate, creating two FADH2 in the process. Then Fumarate is turned into Malate then into OAA making two NADH. Only two ATP is produced in Krebs cycle but the resulting NADHs and FADH2s are passed through an electron transport chain and ATP synthase. When the molecules passes through that cycle a total of 28 ATP molecules are produced. In all aerobic respiration produces 32 ATP and waste products of H2O and
The respiratory system and cardiovascular work closely together to make sure that organ tissues obtain sufficient oxygen. Oxygen is vital for cellular functions. The air inhaled in and kept in the lungs is transported to the blood. The blood is circulated by the heart, which pumps the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body. Moreover, the two body systems work together to get rid of waste products such as carbon dioxide. They perform in order and are frequently referred to as the cardio-respiratory system, a combined name that highlights their close connection. After carbon dioxide and oxygen move across the alveolar wall in the lungs, the carbon dioxide-poor blood, oxygen-rich moves through pulmonary veins to the left atrium of the heart.
In contrast, there are four metabolic stages happened in cellular respiration, which are the glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, in which catabolism is begun by breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Two molecules of ATP are produced too. Some of they either enter the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) or the electron transport chain, or go into lactic acid cycle if there is not enough oxygen, which produces lactic acid. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, which completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate into carbon dioxide. The citric acid cycle produced some more ATPs and other molecules called NADPH and FADPH. After this, electrons are passed to the electron transport chain through
Introduction Glycolysis and respiration occurs in all organisms including humans in order to attain energy. Glycolysis is the process of enzymes breaking down glucose molecules, releasing energy and pyruvic acid in the process. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, which means it does not use oxygen when undergoing this reaction. On the other hand, cellular respiration is an aerobic
The anaerobic system known as the glycolytic pathway, uses glucose to produce ATP. Glucose is broken down into pyruvate through glycolysis to produce ATP. The amount of energy produced is very little, but you get the energy quickly. The glycolytic pathway is the second fastest way to resynthesize ATP and is the predominant energy system used for large bursts activities. Two exercises that utilize the glycolytic pathway are powerlifting such as bench press and deadlift.
Cellular respiration is the series of metabolic process by which living cells produce energy through the oxidation of organic substances. Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. Fermentation is the process by which complex organic compounds such as glucose, are broken down by the action of enzymes into simpler compounds without the use of oxygen. The significance of these pathways for organisms is to allow for an organism to be able to generate ATP. Some organism that undergo cellular respiration are bacteria and fungi. Some organism that undergo fermentation are yeast and muscle cells. In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized and releases energy. In cellular respiration, glucose produces ATP and 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate. The pyruvate is then further broken down in the mitochondria where it becomes oxidized and releases CO2 (Upadhyaya 2014). In the fermentation process oxygen does not play a part. This process converts glucose into pyruvate and produces ATP. From there pyruvate breaks down into CO2 and acetaldehyde (Upadhyaya 2014) Monosaccharides are known as simple sugars and their main function is being the source of energy for organisms. Disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond and their primary function is to provide food to monosaccharides. Some disaccharides
The respiratory system is a complex organ structure of the human body anatomy, and the primary purpose of this system is to supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood vessels to carry the precious gaseous element to all parts of the body to accomplish cell respiration. The respiratory system completes this important function of breathing throughout inspiration. In the breathing process inhaling oxygen is essential for cells to metabolize nutrients and carry out some other tasks, but it must occur simultaneously with exhaling when the carbon dioxide is excreted, this exchange of gases is the respiratory system's means of getting oxygen to the blood (McGowan, Jefferies & Turley, 2004).
The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to supply oxygen to the body’s cells, remove carbon dioxide and regulate the Ph of the body’s fluids. This system of regulation is called homeostasis. (www.wiki.answers.com, 2013)
This is when one molecule of glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate - a 3C. Glycolysis produces reduced NAD, pyruvate and has a net gain of 2 ATP, originally, 4 ATP molecules are produced but 2 are used up during glycolysis. showing the transfer of energy within an organism as the ATP is a source of energy for the biological process taking place. In the link reaction, pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, it is decarboxylated, releasing carbon dioxide as a waste product. Pyruvate is then oxidised, forming acetate, reducing NAD. Acetate is then combined with coenzymeA to produce
e purpose of the respiratory system is to bring the air we breathe into close contact with the blood in order for the absorption of oxygen and expulsion of carbon dioxide. The respiratory system consists of a pair lungs which are connected to the mouth via the trachea and bronchi. The ribs and intercostal muscles are part of the respiratory system. This is because they not only protect the lungs, trachea and bronchi but also move and assist with breathing.
Cellular respiration is a process that mostly takes place in the mitochondria where cells break down food and turn in it into adenosine triphosphate(ATP), or in more simpler terms, energy for the cell. Although cellular respiration can do either anaerobic or aerobic cellular respiration processes, it is usually used to describe aerobic cellular respiration because it actually was created as a synonym for aerobic respiration. Aerobic cellular respiration is the process where oxygen is used to make energy molecules. Aerobic respiration creates a lot more ATP molecules than in anaerobic respiration because anaerobic does not use oxygen as a reactant. Aerobic cellular respiration goes through three steps, and they are: glycolysis, citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis means separating sugars, and in that process every glucose is turned into two pyruvate molecules. It then enters the mitochondria if it is a eukaryotic cell and the pyruvate
In this assignment I will be explaining the physiology of the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system. Whilst explaining the two body systems I will be explaining energy production, process of cellular respiration, the role of enzymes within these body systems, the way that these systems absorb food and the products of digestion.
The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions which occur in the mitochondria and results in the formation of ATP and other molecules which undergo farther reactions to form more ATP. Cellular respiration can be divided into four sequences. The first sequence is glycolysis, its breaks down one molecule glucose into two molecules pyruyate. Transition takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and it’s referred to the beginning of aerobic respiration. The process takes place if there is enough amounts of oxygen in the mitochondria. However if there is insufficient oxygen in the mitochondria it could result into fermentation. Transition Reactions take place in the pyruvate molecule. In transition reactions two hydrogen electrons and one carbon
Glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle, however, this stage does require oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria. During the Krebs cycle, pyuvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. This begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondria. As the cycle continues, citric acid is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule and more carbon dioxide is released. Then, high-energy electrons are passed to electron carriers and taken to the electron transport chain. All this produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 4 CO2 molecules.