Interrogation And Behavior Analysis

In many cases innocent people are convicted while criminals are free on the streets committing more crimes. In the 1950’s John Reid created the well-known “Reid Technique”. The technique is a process of accusatory interviewing that leads to a development of the truth. The technique is based on science and psychology assumptions which point out anxiety and body language as an indicator of deceitful. Over decades the American Police Forces are relying on Reid technique to make people confess their crimes. The Reid technique is faulty because Police interrogators does long hours of interrogations, it is associates anxiety as an indicator of lying, and produced false confessions.

Determining a false confession proves difficult due to the multitude of dimensions involved. According to Kassin and Wrightsman’s (1985) survey of the literature, there are three main types of false confessions—voluntary, coerced-compliant, and coerced-internalized. Unlike coerced false confessions, voluntary false confessions arise as a result of someone willingly turning themselves into the police with an account of their crime (McCann, 1998). Voluntary false confessions can result from multiple motives, including an internalized need for punishment or to save someone else’s face. In contrast, coerced false confessions directly result from police interrogations. While coerced-compliant confessions are made to avoid interrogation, escape the stressful situation, or achieve some other reward, coerced-internalized confessions emerge when a suspects begins to

This particular study is captivating because it narrows down the causes of wrongful convictions of innocent people, whether it’s the interrogators applying inappropriate methods of the Reid Technique, such as misclassification, coercion, psychological manipulation, and contamination. (Orlando) “The Reid Technique of interrogation consists of essentially three steps. Custody and isolation (i.e., the suspect is detained and isolated, anxiety and uncertainty are generated in order to weaken resistance). Confrontation (i.e., the suspect 's guilt is assumed and he or she is confronted with alleged incriminating evidence that may or may not be genuine; denials are rejected, even if they happen to be true, and the consequence of continued denial is emphasized), and minimization (i.e., the interrogator tries to gain the suspect 's trust and provides face-saving excuses for the crime, including suggesting that it was an accident or that the victim deserved it) (…) During the interrogation the investigators use tactics of imbedding trust to lure detainees to comply and achieve a legal outcome which could lead to reducing longer sentencing if the detainee confesses. Also if there are multiple co-perpetrators investigators look to probe the detainee that someone has cast blame on the individual, so therefore they must engage with the police and own up to their part in the crime (Douglas & Rita). The Reid Technique not only is it used illegitimately but it placing innocent individuals

Through different tactics and implied emotions, police interrogations can lead to incorrect convictions. Kennis’s article goes into each individual reason suspects feel their only option is to admit to a crime they had no part in. Whether a sense of guilt or forced confessions, it explains just how these confessions occur. This article includes examples of crimes innocent people claimed to have committed for a variety of reasons. It explains each reason and helps readers better understand exactly how an innocent person could say they committed a crime. This article develops a full explanation that helps readers understand exactly what goes on inside interrogation rooms that lead to innocent people giving a false

A confession is one of the strongest forms of evidence that can be brought into a court of law. In the United States criminal justice system, prosecutors quickly and swiftly seek confessions as they are the most persuasive evidence to win cases. Interrogations are conducted by law enforcement officials in an effort to seek confessions and develop details about crimes.Communication is key to the art of interrogation. Detectives sometimes end up with false confessions from innocent suspects by using their expertise in psychological manipulation. One major technique of interrogation is known as the Reid Technique. The Reid method is a system of interviewing and interrogation that is widely used by police departments in the United States. The Reid Technique involves three components which include factual analysis, interviewing, and interrogation. Whether this verbal technique is effective or ineffective is a subjective and controversial matter. However, many people who oppose the Reid Technique would agree that this method can cause an innocent person to confess to wrong counts made against them. Is the Reid Technique the best solution? With concrete evidence, one can explore and come to an overall result of whether or not this questioning method has a major impact on the outcome of the confession, as well as searching for weaknesses in human nature and if these have any effect on the results of the interrogation and courtroom process.

Even in the case of presenting false evidence, like DNA, fingerprints or video recorded material in order to get a confession from the suspect, participants found this procedure extremely coercive but apparently not coercive enough to elicit a false confession. According to above results, it seems that potential jurors do not seem to realize that there is a very important connection between coercive interrogations and false confessions. If jurors cannot be open to the idea of a false confession being a product of a psychological pressure under interrogation then this would definitely have a critical impact on the outcome of a trial.

This leads to wrongful convictions in about 25 percent of cases. Mentally capable adults also give false confessions due to a variety of factors like the length of interrogation, exhaustion or a belief that they can be released after confessing and attempt to prove their innocence later. Even though these factors lead to false confessions, they are not the only ones. Sometimes law enforcement use harsh interrogation tactics with uncooperative suspects. But some police officers, convinced of a suspect’s guilt, occasionally use tactics so persuasive that an innocent person feels compelled to

Police interrogation is a technique that police have used to gather information from anyone involved with a crime for hundreds of years. Police interrogations can last a few minutes to several hours. The police have a right to continue questioning the suspect until they ask for a lawyer (Kassin, 2013). The suspects’ call for a lawyer is a right under the Miranda Rights. In the process of interrogation, the police are not allowed to use cruel or any unusual methods to collect information, the law agents are trained with techniques to get the suspects to answer all the questions. However, this is not usually the case because sometimes the police go overboard in getting the suspects to answer their questions. This interrogation in some cases has led to false confessions leading to the wrong charging of the suspects. An approximate of one out of four confessions includes false confessions (Redlich, 2009). The false confessions made by suspects beg the question on how the police influence false confessions. This research will discuss the various techniques used by the police in interrogating suspects and how they misuse the systems to influence false confessions.

Police interrogation is the first important stage of falling into false confession. Law enforcement should learn from the mistakes during a wrong convictions to create plan to evade future false confession. There are some safeguard advices to help prevent deceitful confession such complete the investigation as much as possible before interrogating, develop details of the crime from physical evidence and statements, set aside the list to avoid mentioning details to the suspect at any time, continue investigating for additional detail of the crime after interrogation ended, and evaluate the derived details of the crime provide with the suspect’s confession statement (DeClue and Roger,

Andrew is making steady progress in his literacy skills during Orton-Gillingham (OG) tutoring sessions. Andrew was given an informal OG assessment in late November. It was decided that Andrew would benefit from explicit, multisensory instruction starting with Level 1 concepts of the OG scope and sequence. OG lessons are divided into several sections: phonemic awareness, letter-sound correspondence, word work, fluency and encoding (spelling).

Criminal justice interrogation techniques have evolved from a crude, abusive practice to a discipline reinforced by scientific research. There are several methods in investigators’ toolkits. Law enforcement officers who train in these techniques have shown increased accuracy when determining if a subject is telling the truth; however, these highly trained officers are sometime too efficient, causing innocent subjects to believe they have perpetrated a crime. Legislators are working to combat this phenomenon.

In this case analysis it will discuss the purpose of interrogatory deception when conducting interviews, ways in which it is used, some of the current debates over the practice, and examples of theories to explain corruption and brutality. The number one priority that should be thought about prior to any form of interrogation & Interviewing is the suspect’s rights and privacy are to be respected.

This literature review chapter will look at the findings from this initial research and define what is meant by a false confession in relation to the two distinct types of coerced false confessions, examining the historical contingency of false confessions including the sequential processes and the contributing situational and dispositional factors that elicit false confessions. The remainder of the chapter will look more specifically at the police interrogation process, paying particular attention to interviewing techniques, police questioning and plea- bargaining and the implications this has on individual suspect’s well being and vulnerability, the subject of this dissertation. The significance of

Hypothesis, this paper will cover the high pressure of interrogations and false confessions from the police, and how adolescents are exposed to various interrogations tactics. Example, if an juvenile have confessed to a crime because of being pressured to do so by the police are said to have a higher percentage of being found guilty of the crime. This story will support the hypotheses.

Tactics are meant to mislead, impair thought processes and relentlessly steer a suspect towards a confession (Follete, Davis & Leo, 2007). There is pressure for officers to get confessions, which can push them to use coercive tactics, increasing the potential for a false confession to be given (Chapman, 2013). False confessions are most likely to be given by individuals that are mentally impaired, are highly suggestible, trust authority figures, or lack self-confidence or control (Chapman, 2013). These individuals include, but are not limited to, the intellectually challenged, the young, and those with mental disabilities (Chapman, 2013). Data from wrongful convictions showed that 63% of false confessions were given by those under the age of 25, and 32% from an individual with a mental disability (Kassin et al., 2010). Juveniles are at the highest risk of giving a false confession, as they are cognitively and psychosocially less mature. This causes them to be impulsive when it comes to decision making, decrease their ability to consider long term consequences, and increase their susceptibility (Kassin et al., 2010). These predispositions, mixed with acute states such as sleep deprivation or intense distress can enhance susceptibility, and increase the chances of a false confession (Follete et al.,