Intersectional Model

In Susan Stryker’s (De)Subjugated Knowledges, she culminates a history of academic attention to transgender studies; tracking the field’s movement from abnormal psychology to its contemporary form of self-analysis and discourse (by which I mean that rather than being discussed by those outside of the trans community, transgender voices are now leading their own academic discussions). At a basic level, Stryker defines transgender studies as that which:

When discussing injustices, it is pivotal--for the sake of true progressive social change--to include all oppressed groups into the dialogue. Transgender People tend to be heavily misrepresented and demonized. Because of transphobia, there

This work, Three Points Masculine by An Owomoyela heavily conceptualizes what it means to be trans. It plays upon our preconceived ideologies and materializations of gender, creating an internal, mindful gender fuck-up within the reader. It questions beliefs of what a “good” trans person looks like and allows us to question if transness is defined by perceived gender nonconformity, identity, and/or expression.

In her book “Gender Outlaw: On Men, Woman, and the Rest of us,” Kate Bornstein goes over a lot of the major issues regarding gender awareness and identity politics. She talks about the ideas of labeling ones self, understanding gender differences, how people view laws, behaviors, and the medical and scientific privilege that make transitioning challenging for a lot of people. Bornstein touches on many of the issues today that affect trans people. She includes poetry, pictures, quotes, essays, and a play to raise questions and discuss the idea of gender. This is a great book to introduce and discuss the issues that affect the lives of trans people as they navigate and explore the lines that define gender.

Everyday Transgender Women of color are mistreated and repressed by society, they face constant ridicule and mistreatment. They face a constant issue of society judging them and putting them under a microscope. Societal repression is a constant issue these women face just because of their gender identity. Transgender Women of Color are one of the most least mentioned groups in society. This under shadowed group of women is struggling. They face constant abuse and repression, society is destroying these women. These women who are just like everyone else are one of the most mistreated societal groups around. They face things like mistreatment in the health field that should be helping them through one of the biggest transitions of their life.

“Passing - Profiling the Lives of Young Transmen of Color” is a documentary that reveals the negativity that three transgender men of color encounter with the cisnormative society as they were transitioning. These men unfortunately experienced both the mistreatment when they were women as well as the social expectations they feel the need to fulfill as men. Although they were able to recognize the toxic masculinity and misogyny that they experienced as women, they also faced an entirely different and new reality when they transitioned. After transitioning, one individual mentioned that as a man, he felt that he was unable to voice his opinion when he disagrees about something, because unlike women, it was not socially acceptable for a man to

Since the beginning of the year, I’ve been attending most Transmissions meetings. Transmissions is a community-based club for transgender, non-binary, and gender non-conforming people and allies at Rutgers University. In this reflection, I’ll be speaking about the meeting I attended the previous week, where the main discussion revolved around internalize and externalize transphobia and self-care. This was a very sensitive topic for myself as well as most others who attending the meeting.

As all of the authors have shown, trans people often have to resist both societal and medical objectification and exceptionalization of their bodies, similar to how disabled people must fight many of the same issues (Puar 77, Clare 104). However, rather than uniting, an articled called “Disability” from the Transgender Studies Quarterly explains, “trans bodies that may resist alliances with people with disabilities in no small part because of long struggles against stigmatization and pathologization that may be reinvoked through such affiliations.” (Puar 77) This explains how trans people often have a tendency to distance themselves from the disabled community because they want to avoid the “stigmatization and pathologization” that disabled people’s bodies are subject to (Puar 77). The separation results in not only preventing the building of coalitions to fight these issues, but also ignoring and dividing the identities of individuals, such as Clare, who are both trans and

Current Black feminists concur with the intersectional analysis approach to provide a crucial lens for reframing and creating new knowledge in recognizing the variations within marginalized groups to assert new ways of studying power, inequality, and ignorance (Collins & Bilge 2016; Collins, 2000; Lorde, 2014; Smith, 1982; Thornton-Dill & Zambrama, 2017). In order to bridge this tension between the White K-12 institution and Black women in art education, there is a need to better understand intersectional lens of race and gender that ignores race and gender. In this dissertation proposal, I question how White ignorance provides a deeper understanding concerning the multidimensionalities of Black women, and how these multidimensionalities are translated in the field of art education. As I question the biases between race and gender, I am viewing

A large issue facing trans women today is the violence perpetrated against them. In 2003, fourteen murders of trans people were recorded in the U.S, most of them being trans women and people of color. (Bettcher, p. 280) By mid-October of 2015, twenty-one trans women, who were also mostly women of color, were murdered in the United States, and this number exceeds the amount of trans murders in 2014. (Wilkinson, “You Know What Time It Is”) It is important to remember that these are only recorded instances that do not count the murders that went unreported. The amount of these murders is increasing as more years pass. This violence is rooted in the idea of trans women are seen as deceivers due to the vulva-vagina-uterus anatomy being seen as the “normal” anatomy of a woman. This is explained in Talia Mae Bettcher’s “Evil Deceivers and Make-Believers”, as she outlines the “rhetoric of deception” throughout the article. In the article, she states “frequently connected to this appearance-reality contrast is the view that genitalia are the essential determinants of sex.” (Bettcher, p.281) Because of this, trans women are put in a double-bind to either “disclose ‘who one is’ and come out as a pretender or masquerader, or refuse to disclose (be a deceiver) and run the risk of forced disclosure, the effect of which is exposure as a liar.”(Bettcher, p. 283) The normalization of this anatomy being linked to femaleness puts added pressure on trans women to “prove” themselves, or else be

The health needs of transgender individuals within Canada are as diverse as the community themselves. These health needs represent a holistic concern within Canada, which includes emotional, mental, physical, spiritual, and financial issues. The strategy that will be used to address these issues will involve photovoice. Peers from specified geographic areas will be recruited to take photos that represent their lived experiences and successes, inequities, barriers, and gaps in relation to their health needs within a micro, meso, and macro context. These photos will be later displayed through the mediums of online blogs, photobooks, and an art show. Issues needing further consideration for the strategy include engagement and recruitment

In the present study, intersectionality theory is applied to understand the overlapping levels of stigma and privilege associated with gender and sexual identities among transgender individuals.

Coming out as a transgender, identifying with a gender expression that differs from the assigned sex, has proven to be quite difficult through the ages. While the acceptance of transgender people has grown significantly higher throughout the years, people’s stance on them are still quite divided, and the uphill battle for transgender rights has proven this. Just giving transgenders the right to simply go to the bathroom they identify with has shown to be controversial according to the TIME cover Battle of the Bathroom. The TIME magazine makes sure to note the problem defiantly “far more than public facilities” (Scherer par. 9). Transgender rights are a problem that Jamison Green, president for World Professional Association for Transgender Health, thoroughly addresses in a report written by Alan Greenblatt for CQ Researcher. Jamison Green’s specific purpose in that report is to justify why transgender people deserve basic human rights like everybody else, as shown in society, through his use of facts, qualifiers, figurative language, counterarguments, and appeals to logic and values.

Argued in Eckert and McConnell-Ginet (2003:15), living up to our gender is learning through a life-long process of socialization. Further supported in Kulick and Schieffelin (2006:352), one’s gender emerges over a lifetime through interactive process in which one accepts, rejects, or modifies the cultural and gender norms they are socialized in. These two arguments supported the idea of this essay’s research question in which cultural and social factors do contribute to gendering an individual, and in turn implicating the creation of a boundary that exclude transgenders from the society.

The social issue that I chose which affects society today is transgender inequality. These issues are more recently gaining attention and becoming a prevalent topic of inequality within our country. A transgender person is someone whose gender identity, gender expression or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth. As more and more transgender people share their stories in the media, the social problems that arise from these stories are discrimination within their everyday lives. They suffer from scrutiny and judgment from their peers, and thus many hide their gender identity from family and society. This social injustice can be as simple as a glance or staring, or offensive comments and questions to violent hate crimes. Transgender people are prone to violence and harassment, and often not feeling safe in any aspect of society. They are fired from jobs, denied medical insurance, and being murdered left and right solely for being transgender. “A staggering 41% of respondents reported attempting suicide compared to 1.6% of the general population, with rates rising for those who lost a job due to bias (55%), were harassed/bullied in school (51%), had low household income, or were the victim of physical assault (61%) or sexual assault (64%)” (National Center for Transgender Equality). The structure of this paper will consist of adding all the research that was gathered over the semester, news articles and peer