Interstellar Clouds: The First Stage Of A Star

Stars are the most recognized astronomical object in space and they represent the building blocks of galaxies. Stars distribute elements such as: carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. A star develops from a cloud of hydrogen and helium, the dust clouds that are scattered throughout galaxies. An example of a dust cloud is the Orion Nebula. The gas and dust begin to collapse from its own gravitational pull. As the cloud collapses, the middle gets hotter. This is known as a prostar. A dense and hot core forms which begins to collect dust and gas. All this material may not end up as a part of the star but can become planets, asteroids, comets, or remain dust. A star about the size of our sun can up to 50 million years to mature. The smallest stars are

Stars are composed of hydrogen gas and dust. Stars owe their existence to the force of gravity. Stars are created from the thinly spread atoms of dust and gas that swirl throughout space. The atoms clump together into dense clouds that eventually collapse under their own gravity. Other forces counteract the gravity. The dust and cloud grows

All over our galaxy are pockets of space, filled with dust and gas. Some of these clouds are denser than others, and every once and a while, a cloud of this gas begins squeezing together due to its own gravity. This is when a star begins to form. The cloud begins to form into a rotating disk, with the inner section rotating faster than the outer. The center will begin to heat up because of the pressure and thermonuclear reactions start in its center. Eventually, two hydrogen atoms get squeezed together with extreme pressure so that they fuse into one atom of helium, releasing a massive amount of energy, when this happens; the object is now a protostar. As the star ages, it begins to run out of hydrogen, and the star starts to spasm. It is now a subgiant. The

The main idea for paragraphs 6-8 in When Stars Explode is how stars do explode. Here are some details: according to the text,“But these nuclear reactions do not make as much energy as hydrogen did. Within a few million years, the star has nothing left." The text also said “So the star's center collapses, scrunching itself into a small, dense object. Meanwhile, the star's outer layer shoots into space at millions of miles per hour. The star has exploded!"

Stellar evolution stars exist because of gravity. The two opposing forces in a star are gravity (contracts) and thermal nuclear energy (expands). Stage 1 Birth is where gravity contracts the cloud and the temperature rises, becoming a protostar. Protostars are a hypothetical cloud of dust and atoms in space which are believed to develop into a star. Astronomers are fairly certain of their existence. Protostars are formed about a million years after a gas clump from an interstellar gas cloud has started

The life cycle of the Sun starts like all stars with a cloud of dust and gas made up of mostly hydrogen. If the cloud cools, it will shrink because of the gravitational pull between the particles

A molecular cloud is a giant condensation of dust and molecular gas. They are regions of relatively dense interstellar gas and dust with hydrogen molecules as well as carbon and silicate materials forming the primary constituents. Helium and small amounts of heavier elements are also found within the cloud. Molecular clouds are very cold and dark regions with typical temperatures of between 10 and 50 Kelvin. The mass of a typical

Comparing red giants to the sun, they are about 1000 times larger. Compared to the sun’s temperature, a red giants temperature is about half as much. This is because the same amount of energy has to be spread out across a much more massive star causing it to be cooler than it was before. The name red giant was given to these stars because the change in temperature causes the star to shine in the redder part of the spectrum. Stars can spend anywhere between 1000 years and one billion years in the red giant phase. After a certain amount of time, the helium finally runs out and fusion stops. Since there is no more helium, gravity pushes the star inward. The stars outer atmosphere is then blown out into huge clouds of gas and dust which is known as planetary nebulae. These clouds of gas and dust are then made to make new stars. As for the core of the star, it is still there. The star is now a white dwarf. White dwarf stars occur when the red giant loses its outer atmosphere. White dwarf stars are extremely hot because they are composed of only the core of the star which is the hottest

According to NASA clouds are made of water or ice crystals floating in the sky, not gas (add reference). A scientific explanation of how clouds are form is that water vapour evaporates from the earth into the atmosphere than condenses on the earth. There are many different reasons as to why clouds are formed. Some other ways include when dust, smoke or other particles are suspended into the air or when water vapour condenses into particles into the air (Skamp & Preston, 2007, p.

A protostar is a contracting cloud of gas and dust that contains enough mass to form a sun. Together, growing pressure and mass form both the protostar and the remaining star phases that will follow afterward. During the protostar phase, nuclear fusion begins. Nuclear fusion is the process in which atoms combine to create larger atoms. In a star, the nuclear fusion converts hydrogen into helium. This nuclear fusion in the protostar produced an outward force along with gravity. After this phase, the protostar becomes a main sequence

The Low mass stars spend there main life as a fusion machine which turns hydrogen into helium and a very slow and methodical pace. When the energy released by this fusion reaches the surface it is released into space and this is the star luminosity. Over a long, long time sometimes billions of years a low mass star consumes the hydrogen in its core and converts it to helium, at which point the core starts to contract and shrink. Once all of the hydrogen inside the stars core begins to become totally exhausted, the core pressure gives way to the crush of gravity because it has no more fusion occurring in its core at that time. As the core shrinks rapidly and the outer layers start to expand the stars shape begins to grow in size and its luminosity becomes extraordinary brighter due to the outer shell starting to produce fusion more rapidly then the core did during the main sequence life of the star. As this situation grows more rapidly and extreme the core starts to rapidly burn again and fuse its core helium into carbon. Then just before its final death the star ejects its outer layers into space. This leaves only the degenerate carbon core and since this core is still very hot it emits intensely powerful ultraviolet radiation and glows brightly in what is known as a planetary nebula. The nebula fades and cools over around a million or so years and we are left with a white dwarf cooling indefinitely till

Okay so it all started as a nebular cloud. This this crowd was gargantuan it was about two light-years across from end to end and it was very cold and not dance at all. Since this cloud was so spread apart I meant that gravity alone was not enough Force to cause the particles of the clouds to come together. This means that some outside force had to act upon the cloud and that force was probably the explosion of a nearby star. When the star exploded it started a chain reaction that allowed gravity to take hold of the particles and begin the compression of the particles.

Stars, such as our sun begin their life in an entirely different form from the one we come to recognize. Their lives begin in the bitter cold, around 10 degrees Kelvin, which is only a few degrees above the 3 degrees Kelvin temperature of the background of space itself. Their density is also extremely sparse, with a density of around 1 billion particles per cubic metre, which is only a wisp in comparison to the density of around 1410 kilograms per cubic metre that the sun like star will have during its time on the main sequence. Although they may be quite low in density, the clouds are absolutely enormous, spanning up to tens of parsecs (an astronomical unit of measurement that is determined to be around 19 trillion miles) across. In these clouds, there is an abundance of molecular and atomic gases of various types, which will serve as the rough material that will be used to create the stars and solar systems. Hydrogen is the most abundant element found within these clouds, although they can also contain many other trace elements of metals and gasses.

The cloud contracted under its own gravity and our proto-Sun formed in the hot dense center. The remainder of the cloud formed a swirling disk call the solar nebula. A solar nebula is a gaseous cloud. The nebular hypothesis has become the theory of the origin of our solar system. We can relate this to the vermiculite solar nebula lab. These are related because in the lab it showed us how gravity pulled most of the materials toward the center of the water which the water was representing gravity and the vermiculite that got pulled to the center was modeling the heavier more dense planets. The vermiculite that was pushed away from the center represented lighter less dense

Indecent bodies like the sun. Stars are made up of big exploding balls of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. The sun is similarly a star made up of huge amounts of hydrogen, undergoing a continuous nuclear reaction like a hydrogen bomb. Stars come about when vast clouds of hydrogen, helium and dust contract and collapse due to gravity. The clouds came from astronomical plasma from “The Big Bang”, but the dust comes from the supernovae of other stars.