Interstitial Cystitis Case Studies

On later reflection I realized I could have though about interstitial cystitis, appendicitis and renal calculi. My multiple hypotheses for this patient are presented in Table 1.

Anticholinergics are used to address an overactive bladder and can be helpful with urge incontinence. Mirabegron is used to treat urge incontinence, it relaxed the bladder muscle which can increase the amount of urine the bladder can hold it may also assist with emptying the bladder more completely. Alpha blockers used in men with urge or overflow incontinence, this helps relax the bladder neck muscles and the fiber muscles in the prostate making it easier to empty the bladder. Topical estrogen comes in the form of a cream, a ring or a patch that may help tone and rejuvenate the tissue of urethra and vaginal areas. Factors that increase the risk of incontinence are gender; women are more likely to have incontinence due to pregnancy, childbirth, menopause and normal anatomy of the female body. Men with prostate problems can have incontinence issues as well. Age, as we get older, the muscles of the bladder become weaker and the amount of urine the bladder can hold decreases. Being overweight puts pressure on the bladder and surrounding muscles which weakens them. Other diseases such as neurological and diabetes may increase the risk of incontinence. A simple UTI is treated with a common antibiotic usually given for one to seven days depending on the amount and type of bacteria in the urine. Frequent UTI’s may require low-dose antibiotics for six months or more,

First, neurological disorders can occur, as seen with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, which can lead to neurogenic bladder (“Neurology/Neurogenic Bladder,” 2017). Next, physiological disorders can occur as seen with enlarged prostate in men or shortening of the urethra in women (Jaipaul, 2017). Anticipating the above changes appropriately will aid in understanding what leads to urinary retention in older adults, the resulting need of catheterizations, and the CAUTIs that can follow. Having a foundation to build on, it would be beneficial to explore what nurses can do prevent urinary tract infections in patients who require catheterization.

One of the more interesting sources came from: The better Bladder Book “What’s Bugging your Bladder” by Wendy Cohan. The chapter pg 96, discusses the role of food sensitivity in IC. It argues that food sensitivities play a huge role in causing or worsening bladder symptoms and can also contribute to harmful inflammation throughout the body. A lot of this relates to the types of foods we eat and how our bodies process those foods. In my own experience in trying to find the right treatment options, diet was one of the first that I had to change. Things that are high in acid like tomatoes could cause a painful flare up that could last from hours to days, or even months, so eliminating this from my diet was one way to eliminate another painful flare. This book was written with a copyright date of 2011, and since then, no changes have been made to IC Diet that I could find in any of my sources.

An inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by intermittent and recurrent abdominal pain associated with ulceration in bowel function. Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders that cause inflammation or ulceration in the small and large intestines. Most often, inflammatory bowel disease is classified as ulceration colitis or Crohn’s disease but may be referred to as colitis, enteritis, ileitis, or proctitis (Crohn's disease-website).

Mr. Davy Jones is a 60-year-old man that presents incontinence, nocturia, difficulty urinating, and a weak stream when urinating. The patient visited the clinic on 03/01/2017 after experiencing these issues for approximately two months. He is experiencing fatigue with not being able to achieve adequate sleep during the night due to nocturia. He is complaining of bladder always feeling full after voiding. Patient has had multiple UTI’s that was treated with antibiotics and was successful with medicinal treatment.

• If you have symptoms of too much urine in your bladder (overdistension), and you are not able to urinate, perform CIC. Symptoms of overdistension may include:

Most urinary tract infections are primarily caused by bacteria that live in the bowel region of the body. The bacterium Escherichia coli, commonly referred to as “E. coli”, causes most UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act as only one way valves to prevent urine from moving back up toward the kidneys. Urination is intended to wash microbes and any infectious bacteria out of the body. In males, the prostate gland produces secretions that slow down bacterial growth in the urinary tract. In both woman and men, immune defenses try to prevent infections, but despite these safety procedures put in place by the body, infections still do occur in some individuals.

The cardiovascular system plays an immensely important role in the urinary system, without proper blood supply to the kidneys there would be no filtration and no urine to pass into the bladder. Proper blood supply is essential and renal failure would be catastrophic to the process of urination. Maintaining healthy renal arteries and veins is very important also to the respiratory system which keeps the tissues oxygenated, without this the tissue could not perform the duties required or even stay alive. The immune system could undesirably affect the kidneys as well, which would impede the flow of urine to the bladder. Acute or systemic inflammation on the urinary system would directly affect the bladder as well, this is why we need the immune system to keep this inflammation at bay. Kidney damage from this would directly affect all the systems mentioned here, so it is very important to keep the immune system healthy not just for the sake of the urinary system but almost every system of the human body. The urinary system although often overlooked is extremely valuable and required to stay alive and maintain homeostasis. So is the bladder and if you appreciate the ability to hold your urine in until you can find a nearby restroom you should be thankful for it as

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a rare syndrome in the U.S. that primarily infects females but may also be observed in males on occasion. The syndrome is multifunctional and is symptomized by pelvic pain, urinary frequency, and urinary urgency. Also known as painful bladder syndrome, this condition can cause bladder ulcers and/or bleeding resulting in pain during sexual intercourse and hematuria. In December 2014, researchers from the Department of urology of the Beaumont Health System in Royal Oak, MI, the Department of Urology of the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine in Rochester Hills, MI, and Lipella Pharmaceutical Inc. in Pittsburgh, PA published a manuscript sharing the results of an open-label

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was once known as having a spastic colon. A gastrointestinal disorder which often changes from constipation for a while then diarrhea for a time. This is not always the case though. Some people who have IBS can suffer only from constipation which is chronic in nature. Other people with this syndrome have chronic diarrhea. When you suffer from this it matters not what your symptoms to it are, what matters is the cause. With different symptoms different treatments are used to provide some relief. Let us consider the symptoms of constipation due to Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

CKD will cause the body to retain many excess fluids and waste that are normally filtered out to prevent internal harm throughout the body. With kidney disease there will be a rise in blood pressure due to the amount of extra fluid that is retained in the blood vessels. This fluid retention will cause the passageways to become narrow and make blood passage through the vessels increasingly difficult, in turn causing an increase in blood pressure. There will also be an increase in protein and blood found in the urine because it is not filtered out properly by the kidneys. Swelling will occur in the extremities and around the eyes because of the fluid retention as well. The longer the urine goes unfiltered the harder it may become to urinate due to pain or blockage or there may be more frequent night time urination (The National Kidney Foundation, 12).

Animal models of the lower urinary tract inflammation varied, including spontaneous cystitis, neurogenic cystitis, autoimmune cystitis, chemical induced cystitis and so on. As one of the most reliable industry leaders, Creative Biolabs is capable of providing both chronic and acute CYP-induced cystitis model occur in rats(SD rats or Wistar rats) and mice. Particularly, Creative Biolabs offers studies of cystitis and inflammatory pathways, including in vivo models as well as complementary in vitro and ex vivo work.

The first seven questions of the I-PSS are identical to the questions appearing on the American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Index which currently categorises the symptoms as follows:

How many of us really think about our ability to urinate, I know I never did, but for my Uncle and Cousin, they could only wish to do what comes so naturally to us. When you have kidney disease and suffer Renal failure, which is what both of my relative's had, the kidneys are unable to remove those wastes through urinating. When the kidneys no longer perform these functions adequately, wastes and excess fluid build up in the blood. Some of the warning signs of kidney disease are as follows: