Intestine Essay

When it comes to feeding show cattle many raisers have certain feeding strategies that they follow, ensuring they can maintain their goal on winning. Along with feeding it takes exercise so that one’s show calf will not become stout nor stubborn. Certain aspects are necessary to show an animal

When eating anything, most people check the labels to see what the food all consists of. Just like when eating hamburger, some people may want to know if the hamburger came from grass-fed or grain-fed cattle. Depending on the person, they might prefer one over the other. Some people may think that one tastes better than the other or they may just think it is healthier. Not only might the meat coming from the cattle be affected, but also the milk coming from a cow. Either way, further explanations for grass-fed vs. grain-fed cattle will be discussed in this paper.

Horse slaughter has been going on for a long time now and humans have increased their horsemeat consumption because of the mad cow disease. Mad cow disease is issued from the fattening foods farmers give to their cattle. In the food are sheep’s’ bones grinded into tiny, tiny bits. Ignorant till the outburst, makers didn’t know that in sheep bones there is the virus of the dreaded disease. The disease doesn’t affect sheep as it is only in their bones but when the cows eat it, it gets into their systems and is passed on through their meat to humans.

Horses are monogstric animals with a relatively small stomach. From the horse’s mouth to their large intestine, their gastrointestinal tract is similar to that of a human’s. However, past the cecum, a horse’s gastrointestinal tract is more similar to a cow’s [3]. A horse’s gastrointestinal tract can be divided into three segments: foregut, midgut, and hindgut [4]. The foregut consists of the esophagus and stomach. Once food has passed through the stomach, it enters the small intestine (midgut): duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, which join the hindgut, cecum, colon, and rectum, at the ileocecal junction. The small intestine and stomach can almost receive a continuous flow of food [3]. The cecum is a large fermentation vat located on the right side of the animal. Carbohydrates fermented by fibrolytic bacteria produce volatile fatty acids, which account for 60-70% of the their energy. However, in modern management practices, horse owners and equine caretakers do not let horses graze like they naturally should; therefore, they substitute the horse’s diet with grains and fats, which the horse is not designed to properly digest. This unbalanced feeding regimen causes numerous digestive disturbances [3].

dictated how we cultivate, process and prepare the food we eat. The commonly eaten corn-fed meat has an abundance of saturated fat while containing less healthy omega-3 fatty acids. There is a prevalence of heart disease when there is too high a ratio of omega-6 to omega-3. This ratio has increased from 1 to 1 to an alarming 10 to 1 in the contemporary diet of many Americans. Just as concerning is the fact the cattle develop resistant strains of bacteria as a result of including corn in cattle feed. Consequently, becoming resistant by the use of antibiotics, such as Tylosin which is used to prevent bloat, which results from feeding cattle with corn, which leads to the development

According to the University of MN vet school, Colic is the leading cause of death in horses other than old age. MN vet school says that colic simply, refers to pain in a horse’s abdomen. Colic can include a simple blockage, spasm, gas buildup, or torsions in the digestive tract. What causes colic? In most cases we don’t know exactly what causes a horse to colic

This is because it is high in tannin. Tannin is a naturally occurring compound that is very slow to digest. This slow digestion releases gasses slowly from the gut of the cow, greatly reducing the risk of bloat. This feature is great because beef producers can graze their cattle on the after feed, or even before it is cut. Also because of this, many people will plant sainfoin in a grass mix as CRP. Although it is more expensive seed than alfalfa, it costs less to produce because it needs considerably less water and practically no herbicides or pesticides. The lowere cost to produce means the hay can be sold cheaper than alfalfa hay, gaining the attention of many horse people in Montana and Idaho. There is no evidence that it would help, but logic suggests this hay would be good to feed to horses prone to colic. Some research is currently being done to test this

1998). The amount of the n-6 PUFA group remains similar in both diets, with grain-fed cattle having a bit more, however, amounts of the n-3 PUFA group change increasing from 100% to 400% in grass-fed cattle due increases in linolenic acid. (Enser et al. 1998; Descalzo et al. 2005). This results in an n-6/n-3 ratio between 3.72 and 4.13 in grass-fed cattle, versus 5.73 and 6.56 in grain-fed, where a lower ratio is considered more beneficial (Descalzo et al. 2005). In general, the percentage of PUFA decreased from a range of 8.68% to 10.31% in grass-fed cattle to 7.29% to 8.19% (of total FA) in grain fed cattle. PUFAs are known to reduce LDL oxidation, and cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of coronary events, and hence also affirm the notion of grass fed being healthier (Mata et al.

They consume foods such as fruits, leaves, bark, stems, insects, and even other primates. Nothing is off limits (Cavendish, 2010, pg.19). Horses on the other hand are herbivores, so they only eat plant based foods. Horses have hindgut fermenters, which mean that they only have one stomach, but it contains four different compartments to digest food. This contains the reticulum, rumen, omasum, and the abomasum which is the true stomach.

While the horse has benefited from some aspects of domestication, for example the provision of food, shelter, protection from predators

think that it is very important aspect of horses that is important to emphasis when studying the

Cows are herbivores, born to graze on grasses, clover, and whatever other delicious treats sprout from fertile fields. But grasses are neither rich in nutrients nor easy to digest. This is where the cow’s famous four stomachs and chewing the cud come into play. The physical breakdown of grasses by the teeth, followed by the bacterial breakdown in the rumen, eventually makes the nutrients available for absorption later down the line.

Alfalfa hay has a higher percentage of protein, fiber, calcium, and ash. The alfalfa is needed for younger rabbits because it does have a higher percentage for those certain nutrients which are needed in order to help a younger rabbit grow(Alfalfa versus Timothy Hay for Rabbits.) So why is timothy hay needed after the rabbit is young in order to keep the nutrients up high? This reason is because timothy hay can help to make sure there is not too much of an intake of calcium. Alfalfa hay can actually cause a grown rabbit to have too much calcium within their diet because the

Colic is one of the most common ailments experienced by horses and is more common in horses than any other animal. It is more common at night and is often connected with irregular feeding. This is because of the horses’ inability to vomit and unload the stomach, the small size of the stomach and the great length of the intestines, puckering of the large intestine allowing food to lodge there, the range of movement the large intestine has within the abdomen and finally, the frequency a horse is affected with internal parasites. Colic can be fatal so it is vitally important that a vet should be called if colic is suspected. Colic is a set of symptoms pointing to severe abdominal pain. True colic relates to conditions arising in the intestines

This assessment will explain what the role of the liver and pancreas is and how it aids digestion, including what they produce and how this makes the digestive system efficient. It will also include the interaction of the circulatory and respiratory systems during exercise and at rest and how they work separately and together. Lastly, it will discuss what could go wrong with these systems and how it will affect the horse.