Intimate Partner Violence Paper

Throughout the world, we hear many stories about individuals being victimized, and individuals who have are the perpetrators. Also, many of these news segments are based off of headed situations between intimate relationships. Many relationships become this way because of stress about work, paying bills, past circumstances, and much more. There are many micro and macro level risk factors that pertain to victims (prior history of intimate partner violence, female sex, and youth), and perpetration (anger issues, low self-esteem, low income, and depression). “These factors are some of the very important factors that shape victimization and perpetration in intimate partner violence” (Seccombe, 2015, p.318).

The article constructs domestic violence as an issue of gender, race and socioeconomic status. Women are identified as the “majority” of victims (Taylor 2014). Consequently, the article conceptually represents domestic violence as events of intimate terrorism where one partner violently terrorizes the other partner to gain complete control over the relationship, which is entirely perpetrated by men (Johnson 2012). With that said, Johnson (2012) points out that majority of domestic violence is situational couple violence, where both the man and the

Summary: This Article evaluates the violence and abuse conducted by police officers towards their intimate partners (Goodmark 1188). Studies show that there is a brief connect toward police officers public and private lives. Interpersonal violence of off-duty officers has been an issue throughout the country for many years. Due to the amount of training police officers receive they are seen to be more dangerous and violent towards their significant others than the average individual and are more likely to be abusive. Research used the National Police Misconduct Project, in which lists the number of incidents of intimate partner abuse conducted by police officers in various jurisdictions ranging from Washington to Virginia. Other research relied on self-reports of the abused. The article shows many examples of police violence and abuse where police officers physically or verbally assault their partners. Regarding two cases in Baltimore of 2013 two police officers killed their partners and then subsequently killed themselves shortly after.

Intimate Partner Violence has affects individuals from all Backgrounds, Genders, and Socio economic statuses (Women Against Abuse, 2012). Therefore, Intimate Partner violence may and can overlaps with poverty, homelessness, and job instability that suggestively limits victim’s abilities to escape abuse (Women Against Abuse, 2012). There is lack of housing which has widely spread poverty and high rates of community violence (Women Against Abuse, 2012). This; of course, has resulted in impossible difficulties for adults seeking long-time and sustainable safe living situations. These individuals who have experience Intimate Partner Violence are likely to experience under or unemployment due to the cycle of power and control implicated in Intimate Partner Violence dynamics (Women Against Abuse, 2012).

Domestic violence is an epidemic in our society with dramatic, negative effects on individuals, families and communities. Domestic violence is a crime that knows no economic, racial, ethnic, religious, age or gender limits. Women who are victims of domestic violence most likely are also victims of sexual assault and, stalking. A domestic violence victim may experience systematic rape in addition to physical and psychological abuse. According to Backman, (p.54) nearly one in every four women are beaten or raped by a partner during adulthood. Three women are killed by a current or former intimate partner each day in America, on average women are at an increased risk of harm shortly after separation from an abusive partner.

Research shows that those who are “separated”, where conflict may typically be higher, report higher rates of abuse any other marital status. Moreover, those cohabitating are more likely to be victims of IPV than those who are married (Stets and Straus 1990). Other demographic factors such as socioeconomic status seem to play an important role as well. Studies show that women who live in disadvantaged areas are twice as likely to experience violence from a partner as women who live in more well-to-do areas (Benson and Fox 2004).

The model demonstrates the interaction ‘between individual, relationship, community and societal factors’ (CDC, 2015). The first level identifies individual factors which can increase the likelihood to become a victim or a perpetrator. Individual factors can be; the age, low level of education, but also violent childhood, sexual abuse in childhood as well as alcohol and drugs and personality disorders (CDC, 2015 and WHO ,2012, p.4).The second level of the model describes the relationship factors; this can be conflicts in the partnership such as displeasure or the women has a higher education as her partner which leads to /or increase low self-esteem by the male partner but also economic inequalities can be crucial ( CDC,2015 and WHO ,2012, p.4).The third and fourth level ( community and societal factors) developed through diverse studies with regard to intimidate partner violence and demonstrates the influences of environment such as poverty, social acceptance of violence, belief of gender role and misconstruction of norms, such as the man has the right to discipline the women or the women deserves punishment ,but also low social and economic status are determined ( CDC ,2015 and WHO ,2012, p.4).Studies occupy that intimate partner violence has massively physical and psychosomatically consequences to the victims. Moreover, other pathways such as chronic sicknesses such as depressions, phobias and other disease can arise. Accordingly, to the WHO (2012) and FRA (2012) survey, women who experienced domestic violence have a higher risk to commit suicide compared with women in a non-abusive relationship. In addition, violence can lead to reproductive health consequences such as abortion, unwanted pregnancies, miscarriages and negative sexual behaviour. Above all, evidence shows that also the

Domestic violence (DV) is a social problem that plagues the United States (US). Although both men and women experience abuse, each year, approximately five million women experience some form of intimate partner violence (IPV) (Griffin-Burke, Mahoney, Gielen, McDonnell, & O'Campo, 2009). Furthermore, IPV crosses all socioeconomic positions and is associated with factors such as, alcohol and drug dependence, mental health, and environmental stressors. The relationship between the individual and the environment, that is, how they mutually influence each other, determines an outcome (Green & McDermott, 2010). In other words, one can be a chief financial officer for a billion dollar company or a

Domestic violence consists of acts committed in the way of an adult intimate relationship, a parent and child relationship and a patient and healthcare worker relationship. It is the ongoing of aggressive and controlling behaviors, including physical, sexual, and psychological attacks, that one person does to another. Domestic violence is purposeful behavior directed at achieving compliance from, or control over, the abused person. It is one of the most under-reported crimes in the United States by men and women. There are more than 40% of domestic violence cases that are made by men stating a female abused them. Women are not just the ones abused men are too by women they are most close to. I have witnessed this on both sides before and the

Intimate partner violence is a worldwide issue. A study by World Health Organization of lifetime prevalence rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women from nine countries reported rates that ranged from 19 to 66 percent. Studies conducted in Iran report IPV prevalence rates between 47% and 81%. Despite the fact that IPV has short and long term destructive consequences, some battered women live their entire life in abusive relationship, but some are able to leave violent relationships and move ahead in their lives.

The authors of this article complete research using data from a national survey and data from the U.S. Census to compare the intersection of the economic profile of a household and the level of disadvantage in a neighborhood and their impact on intimate partner violence in the household. The article compares the major differences in their study as opposed to the focus among others; the major difference is that this focus allows the researchers to go beyond individual factors and instead tries

As stated beforehand, domestic violence can occur by anybody regardless of many different classifications, including socioeconomic status. This paper will focus on domestic violence happening due to socioeconomic status, and will tackle occurrences in both wealthy households and poorer households. Socioeconomic status is often measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation. Commonly, socioeconomic status is conceptualized as the social standing of an individual or group. This status can determine one’s privilege, power, and control over others. It affects overall human functioning,

In many of the low socio- economic communities, they are at the highest rate of underreporting of domestic violence (Bradley, F., etl 2002). In the United States the highest rate of domestic abuse are found in Puerto Rican, Mexican, and Cuban communities (Fact Sheet, 2012). One in five of the Latina women suffer from IPV to include 34% suffering from domestic violence in their home. Of these 34% of these women reported that they experienced domestic violence from their partner since moving to the US. Unfortunately, there are many factors that contribute to the domestic violence that these women experience from their partners to include lack of family, communication factors, and lack of education. Domestic violence is not always reported by victims due to their lack of knowledge about the laws. Many countries do not have laws that are put in place for the protection of these women; however laws that are put in place for these victims are not enough to enforce the protection, if these victims decide to report the abuse. The victim’s fear of something happening to their partner, or the attacker retaliating is fears in which these women do not report the

There are different reasons and outcomes that come from Intimate Partner Violence. A percentage of the danger components for Intimate Partner Violence are the same and others are typically connected with each other. Concurring to National Institute of Justice, one in five ladies are murdered or seriously harmed by an intimate partner. The deadly or life-debilitating occurrence is ordinarily the first physical brutality that is experienced from their partner (Block, 2003). Ladies who get to be parents at an early age will probably be the casualties of IPV than ladies who get to be mothers at a later age.

The primary types of violence that women experience are those that are perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner (Levitt, Swanger, & Butler, 2008, p. 435; WHO, 2010). Intimate partner violence (IPV) includes physical and emotional abuse, forced intercourse or sexually degrading acts, and various controlling behaviors, such as isolation from family and friends and restriction from economic independence. These different types of abuse, in most cases, coincide over extended periods of time (WHO, 2010).