Introduction. Addiction Is An Unexpected Problem Defined

It is believed that certain individuals are predisposed or vulnerable to addiction based on biological, psychological and social influences. The euphoric high produced by many addictive substances is the result of overstimulation of the “pleasure center” of the brain. This is the same area that controls emotions, fear, self-control and overall feelings of wellness. The presence of these foreign chemicals creates a response that the brain will crave as soon as it fades. The brain’s chemistry works against its own health, as it rewires its decision making faculties around the primary goal of finding and taking more of the drug” (1). Many people mistakenly believe that psychological addiction is somehow less serious or real than physical addiction. The psychological aspects of addiction are much more challenging to repair and recover from than the physical addiction. Psychological addiction can last for years or even a lifetime.

C, This medication is administered from a pressurised cannister or aerosole and a spacer /tube pointed into the mouth so that a mist or vapour can form and be inhaled directly into the lungs.

Psychoactive drugs can be illicit or licit, illegal or legal. Both licit and illicit psychoactive drugs can cause affect a person. Some examples of licit psychoactive drugs are coffee, alcohol, and tobacco. Cocaine, heroin, and LSD are all examples of illicit psychoactive drugs. In most cases the illicit psychoactive drugs have some more recognizable symptoms. But both illicit and licit drugs cause visible symptoms in the people that use these

Hallucinogens include LSD, mushrooms, mescaline and peyote. Inhalants include paint, glue, and hairspray. Anabolic steroids include synthesized and muscle building hormones. Hydrocodone includes prescription medication such as Lortab, Vicodin, and Oxycodone. MDMA is known as Ecstasy and Molly (Drug Free Workplace Advisor).

Most opioid drugs will elicit these analgesic effects through the activation of the -opioid receptor (McDonald & Lambert, 2005). The currently available drugs that interact with opioid receptors include morphine, codeine and naloxone. A

This drug can be taken can be taken by vapor air with an e-cigarette device, snorting it, injecting themselves, smoking it and can be eaten by the

Addiction is like all behaviours “the business of the brain”. Addictions are compulsive physical and psychological needs from habit-forming sustenances like nicotine, alcohol, and drugs. Being occupied with or involved in such activities, leads a person who uses them again and again to become tolerant and dependent eventually experiencing withdrawal. (Molintas, 2006).

There are many methods to administer opiates into the body. According to Fleckenstein, Hanson, and Venturelli, “mainlining” is still the preferred method for illegal opiates (e.g., Heroine) (2015, p. 287.). Mainlining is receiving an opiate through intravenous injection. If prescribed (e.g., Vicodin), generally one would be prescribed pills. Another way to ingest the drug is by “snorting” or violently breathing in the drug (in a powdered or crushed up form) through the nostrils. Oral administration of opiates (e.g., Codeine) is another common way to ingest opiates. Intramuscular administration is another form of taking opiates. In intramuscular administration, one injects the opioid narcotic into a muscle (Fleckenstein, et al., 2015, p. 286.).

Drugs have been around for a very long time. They are used for a variety of reasons. Some of these reasons include relaxation, socialization, curiosity, stress relief, or a form of escapism. However, most people don’t know the threats and danger that it can cause to the body. In this paper, we are going to examine the changes that happen inside the brain due to the effects of different drugs. We will look closely at how drugs such as hallucinogens, ecstasy, cocaine, heroin, and cannabis affect an individual psychologically. I will explain the origin of the drugs, how a person feels while on the drug, how the drugs

Psychoactive substances are similar chemical compounds to that of illegal drugs such as heroin, cocaine and ecstasy,

Opioids are medications that bind to opioid receptors in the nervous system; they are strong analgesics, reserved for severe chronic pain. Narcotics are utilized for chronic or extreme pain. The dose level and severity of the pain are big facts that weigh heavy on the doctor’s dosage amount. To use opioids, the patient is surveyed for their own benefit versus risks (Eustice). Opioids consist of morphine, cocaine, and oxycodone; opioids crafted in a lab include meperidine, methadone, fentanyl, and tramadol. Natural made opioids include heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and oxymorphone. Another category is opium alkaloids, which is morphine, codeine, and thebaine. There is also opioids that are produced in the body, called endogenous opioids peptides, such as endorphins, dynorphins, and enkephalins. Common side effects of opioid usage are nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, and orthostatic hypotension (Eustice). Orthostatic hypotension is a form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up or are lying down, and then feel lightheaded, dizzy, or even faint. This condition is only serious if it occurs frequently and is associated with the loss of consciousness

Hallucinogens can be found in some plants and mushrooms or can be man made, and they are commonly divided into two categories: classic hallucinogens (such as LSD) and dissociative drugs (such as PCP).

One of the first readings we did in class we learned what drug addiction is and how it effects the brain. “Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her. Although the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary for most people, the brain changes that occur over time challenge an addicted person’s self-control and

One of the more common addictions that were mentioned is substance or drug addiction. In the medical dictionary substance abuse means, “Excessive use of a potentially addictive substance, especially one that may modify body functions, such as drugs.” The effects of substance abuse can show a discrepancy between physical and psychological effects. Essentially every drug has dissimilar physical effects on the body; they all have an effect on the brain initially in a similar manner. The physical effects of substance abuse includes; respiratory issues, cardiac issues, and even gastrointestinal issues. With these issues, they can get severe enough to lead up to further severe issues such as lung cancer, heart attacks, and kidney or liver damage, which can ultimately lead to death. The psychological effects of this addiction can be just as harmful. The psychological effects included; hypothermia, paranoia, anxiety, violent behavior, hallucinations, depression, loss of interest, loss sense of reality, confusion, flashbacks, sense of distance, and catatonic syndrome (which affects the body’s central

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the primary users of this group of psychoactive drugs are teenagers and young adults. Depending on the specific substance, these drugs may be ingested orally, snorted, or injected. Certain club drugs are frequently combined with alcohol, and substances that are colorless, odorless, and tasteless have been added to drinks of unknowing victims who can later be powerless to prevent sexual assaults.