Introduction and History of Langmuir Monolayers
The study of Langmuir Monolayers (LMs) has greatly increased in the last few decades, which has furthered our understanding as well as appreciation for these simple yet valuable structures. This is partly due to LMs being recognized as extremely important tools in the study of complex subjects such as, but not limited to: biochemistry, biomedical research, and polymerization. Although each of these subjects is unique in its own discipline, they all gain further insight with development of new molecular structures, to which LMs provide the perfect template. If LMs were able to form unique structures on demand, this could greatly improve the biomedical field and possible lead to paradigm shifts
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Franklin decided to test this theory while on another trip with one of his colleagues (1). He and colleague passed by a small pond which was producing waves on the surface (1). This gave the water a rippled appearance, an ideal testing situation for Franklin. He dropped a small amount of oil on the water surface and was shocked to find that the oil had an immediate calming effect on a large portion of the water’s surface(1). Additionally, he noted that the oil spread itself over a large area as opposed to staying in one isolated spot (1). What Franklin had documented was the creation of what can now be referred to as a LM as well as noting the effects of hydrophobicity on a hydrophilic surface. Other great scientists who continued Franklins work in this field were Lord Raleigh and Agnes Pockels, both of who came from vastly different backgrounds, but recognized the importance of being able to calculate a molecules thickness (1). They later discovered methods of calculating the thickness of the oil that was dispensed on water by examining the drop-in surface tension when a certain volume of oil was deposited on a water surface (1). Lastly, the most notable scientist in the field of surface science and the founding expert of Langmuir Monolayers, Irving Langmuir. He was a famous American chemist and physicist and another Nobel Laureate. The Langmuir Monolayer and Trough is named after him.
As hard as is it is today for women to succeed in the sciences, one must give kudos to those that came before us. These are the women that paved the way for today's generation of women scientists. One such woman is Rosalind Elsie Franklin, a chemist who had a great impact on the modern day field of genetics.
The discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly known as DNA, has been the foundation for much scientific work. This fundamental discovery was credited to James Watson and Francis Crick. Many people believe that another person, Rosalind Franklin, also played a large role in the research. How much did she contribute to the discovery? Why is her name left unrecognized? This paper will discuss her part in the search and whether her name should appear next to Watson's and Crick's as the co-discoverer of DNA.
1. What role did Rosalyn Franklin play in our understanding of DNA’s structure? She discovered the double-helix position of the DNA.
As we began our experiment, we noticed that the ‘bubble’ of water was not as big as it was during the first experiment. By the 21st drop, we could tell that the penny couldn’t hold much more and by the 22nd, the water spilled over. At first glance, one might assume that soap is non-polar. Although this is partially true, soap is special. Soap has both polar and non-polar components.
I believe that Rosalind Franklin deserved more credit than she got foe her X-ray crystallography. Watson took photo 51 from her file without ther knowledge which showed that DNA has a definite pattern and two strands. Watson and Crick used the photo for their own personal gain instead of giving Rosalind any credit they saw Rosalind as below them so they had no issue stealing her idea.
Also he helped with mapping cancer to help people or warn others, so they will be able to find if they have it. James helped out everyone on this planet and those who are sick or are sick but don’t know it. To be recognized in the scientific community you have to do something amazing. Crick and James Watson's first look toward taking in the structure of DNA missed the goal, but their second look took place in the spring 1953 and brought about the match of the ladder helical look. Which takes after a stepping stool. Their model added how the DNA particle could copy itself. Watson and Crick had looked the work of English scientist Rosalind Franklin, a partner of Maurice Wilkins' at King's College London, to land at their noteworthy disclosure, notwithstanding, her commitment to their discoveries would go generally unrecognized until after her she died. Franklin had made a few unpublished working papers talking about the basic characteristics of DNA, and with her understudy Raymond Gosling had taken a X-ray diffraction picture of DNA, known as Photo 51, which would get to be urgent proof in recognizing the structure of
Scientist in early 1950s James Watson a biologist from Indiana University and Francis Crick a physicist were working at lab to discover the structure of DNA. The primary technique for structural analysis of biological molecules is X-rays. The wave length of X-ray is about the same as the space between the atoms in crystal matters. We learn and know that genetic information was carried on chromosomes made up of DNA and protein. Maurice decided and taken the first x-ray picture of DNA that lead him to suggest the DNA structure might be a helix. Watson was able to rely on Wilkins' research. If he had not, he may have not been the one to discover the structure of DNA. The biggest thing I learned from my research is that scientists can’t make discoveries
Richard’s main work revolved around atomic weights, including the improvement of weighing methods. He discovered a new technique for determining
Two people not in the Cavendish lab, but equally as involved in the discovery of the structure of DNA were Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, from King's College in London. While writing about many of the afore-mentioned individuals Watson emitted a constant attitude of indifference and his actions toward Rosalind Franklin equally reflected that indifference.
Franklin was not recognized for her contributions in the development of the DNA theory. Franklin’s initial research offered substantial evidence along with a picture of the DNA. One of Franklin’s coworkers had taken her results and photos showing Franklin’s discovery to James Watson. They took the chance and ran with it building a model and taking credit for what Franklin had initially discovered. Which ultimately lead Watson and Crick to develop the DNA theory. (“Com.com”).
Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born on July 25, 1920 in Notting Hill, London. She went to school at St. Paul’s Girls School in London before going to the University of Cambridge to get a degree in chemistry. After graduation, she stayed at the University studying gas-phase chromatology. She is known for studying DNA structure, virus structure, and the structure of graphite and coal. Franklin’s most known scientific accomplishment is helping to discover DNA’s helical structure.
showed Watson and Crick, who used Franklins photo to use to “discover” it. Franklin's Image
Louis Pasteur was incredible! I had heard about him before, and knew that he had made advancements in the medical world, but before doing my research, I don't think I could have pin-pointed exactly what he did. He was responsible for many significant discoveries, but the one I have chosen to focus on is the study of bacteriology.
John Dalton, a British chemist and physicist, that was born on the 6th of September 1766. His study of gases led Dalton to wonder about what these invisible substances
Rosalind Franklin’s work on DNA was crucial in discovering the composition of the human body as a whole. Her x-ray photo revealed a double helix structure and she also discovered the A and B form of DNA. She worked through the adversity of being a female in a predominately male dominated realm and made remarkable findings that were eventually stolen. She adapted to a new lab with antiquated technology. Before this discovery, the structure of DNA was thought to be simple. Scientist, Watson and Crick, started with the wrong structure of DNA from a misinterpretation of notes from one of Franklin’s presentations. Unlike Watson and Crick, Rosalind Franklin could explain DNA and how it worked.