Introduction Autism Essay

Autism is most commonly described as a developmental disability that is diagnosed over a broad spectrum of impairment and identifiers; and within the first three to five years of life. The number of cases of ASD have steadily grown over the past several decades and can be seen in 1 in every 88 births (Ogletree, Morrow-Odom, &

Autism is a form of neurodevelopment disorder in the autism spectrum disorders. It is characterized by impaired development in social interactions and communication, both verbal and non-verbal. There is an observed lack of spontaneous acts of communication; both receptive and expressed, as well as speech impairments. A person diagnosed with Autism will also show a limited range of activities and interests, as well as forming and maintain peer relationships. The individuals will display limited interests, which are often very focused and repetitive. He or she is likely to be very routine oriented and may show behavioral symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and self-injurious behaviors.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a growing problem throughout the entire globe. Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as deficits in social reciprocity and communication, as well as unusual, restricted and repetitive behaviors (Lord). Such behaviors may include running back and forth, excessive cleaning, noises, and clapping. These also vary greatly with age and ability, and the notion of ASD has been introduced to recognize these diversities (Firth). Autism was first discovered in 1943 when Leo Kanner observed 11 children with several common traits such as, impairments in social interaction, anguish for changes, good memory, belated echolalia, over sensitivity to certain stimuli (especially sound), food problems, limitations in spontaneous activity,

Autism is a brain disorder that can affect a child’s development in the sense that they would have trouble with verbal and nonverbal communication, repetitive behavior, or social interaction in general. Autism can be detected in children ages two to three years old and 1 in every 88 children in America are diagnosed with autism yearly.

Eugen Blueler, a psychiatrist, was the first to introduce the name "Autism" but he diagnosed this disease to a schizophrenic adult. Leo Kanner distinguished the two later in order to clarify the understanding of the disability. (Forty-six)

As early as 1908, Autism was a term used by Eugen Bleuler, a Swiss psychiatrist, to refer to a group of schizophrenic patients who were withdrawn and self-absorbed. Following in 1943, a paper published by an American child psychiatrist, Leo Kanner, described 11 cases in which children excelled in their mental abilities yet, showed signs of isolation and self-satisfaction (Kanner, 1943).

Autism, as a diagnosis, did not exist until early 1908. Doctors began to notice that they had several patients who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, but did not exhibit all of the same symptoms and characteristics that supported that diagnosis. They were more distant from their peers and did not interact well in social settings, along with other misaligned characteristics. They started diagnosing these people as being "autistic". The word

According to the CDC, autism is “a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges (Facts About Autism, 2016)”. Autism was first discussed in 1943 by Dr. Leo Kanner, after he observed 11 children who had fixations on the inanimate environment rather than people (Quick Facts About Autism). It affects about one percent of the population, and is

Children with autism usually play alone. Often they engage in repetitious activities, such as arranging objects in meaningless patterns, flipping a light switch on and off, or staring at rotating objects. Some engage in repetitious body movements, such as spinning, flapping their arms, swaying, rocking, snapping their fingers, and clapping or flapping their hands. In some cases these movements may be harmful, involving repeated biting of their wrists or banging their head. Children with autism frequently become upset at minor changes in their surroundings and daily routines.

Finally, the third and broadest area of impairment is repetitive behaviors. Autistic children often exhibit some degree of a repetitive behavior that can range anywhere from mild to extreme. This can include a variety of actions such as constantly rocking back and forth, toe-walking, eye-rolling, spinning, and clapping. The child could have set routines that they feel a need to obsessively follow every day. This can even take the form of an overly focused interest on something that the child enjoys such as science, music, or art. When these repetitive actions are observed in the child over long periods of time they are then referred to as “stereotypic behaviors“.

autism was first described in the 1940s. Leo Kanner in the United States and Hans Asperger in Austria independently published papers describing children with severe social and communicative impairments. Both Kanner and Asperger used the term "autism" (meaning “alone”) to describe the syndromes they had identified. Kanner described children who had impoverished social relationships from early in life, employed deviant language, and were subject to behavioral stereotypies. Asperger’s description identified children with normal IQs and normal language development who suffered from social and some types of communicative impairments. (slaughter)

The word “Autism” was first used in 1908 to describe schizophrenia, a brain disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally, people who were self-absorbed or cocky. In 1943, Dr. Leo Kenner was the first to used Autism for kids who were highly intelligent but did not want to interact with others, he called this “early infantile autism.” In 1950, Bruno Bettelhiem, a child development specialist, viewed autism was being caused by emotionally cold and distanced mothers. This became known as the "Refrigerator Mother Theory". The Refrigerator Mother Theory is when a mother does not interact, or play, with the child at all, causing the child to be "fridged"( David E. Simpson, J.J. Hanley, and Gordon Quinn in the film "History of Autism Blame"). In 1987, The DSM ( Dianostic and Statistical Manual of Matal Disorders) replaced "infantile autism" with "autism disorder". Around this time, researchers used to think the cause of autism was due to bad parenting. Not only that, the federal government made autism a special education category. This allowed public schools to start knowing children with autism and offer them special services. Some children would be sent to foster care to see if they would recover back then, By this time, many researchers were convinced that “the basic reasons were to be found in neurological disturbances, sometimes combined with hereditary illnesses like tuberous sclerosis, metabolic disturbances like PKU or chromosomal aberrations such as fragile X-chromosome”(Certec). In 1994, the National Alliance for Autism Research and Cure Autism Now raised awareness about ASD. Later on that year, researchers began to believe that the cause of autism was due to mercury in vaccines. This lead to vaccine makers to stop making "thimerosal, a vaccine that is made of mainly mercury. In 2001, the National Institute of Health could not find

Autism was first presented in 1943 by Leo Kanner when he was conducting a several children study; he later described the children as having withdrawn behaviour. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the suitable treatments used in behavioural therapy were focused on medications such as LSD and electrical shock as a form of pain and punishment (WebMD Medical Reference, 2014).

The history of ASD; the word “Autism” was first used by a Swiss psychiatrist by the name of Eugen Bleuler. He began using the term to describe one group of symptoms for schizophrenia patients, (Wolff, 2004). “Autism” is a Greek word that comes from

The term “autism” has been used for approximately one hundred years. Autism comes from the Greek word “autos” which means “self.” Self applies to autism because people are taken away from their social life and isolate themselves. A Switzerland psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler, was the first person ever to use the word autism in 1911 towards symptoms of schizophrenia. From 1940 through the 1990s, doctors have had many theories on how autism affects children. They came to the conclusion that autism medically affects each child differently. Towards the 1980s