Introduction Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by reduced blood flow in the coronary

Coronary artery disease (CAD) develops when plaque builds up in the narrow arteries of the heart. The arteries that are affected supply blood to your heart, oxygen, and numerous amounts of nutrients to the heart. The plaque that builds in the arteries is from the amount of cholesterol that is accumulated in the arteries. The plaque that builds within the arteries of the heart decrease the blood flow to the heart often resulting in chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other symptoms. This disease is often not diagnosed until the patient has a heart attack. The reason that coronary artery disease goes unnoticed is because this disease develops over decades. “Heart disease is the leading cause of

This chronic disease is also known as atherosclerosis and is characterized as a fatty plaque build-up in arteries which blocks the blood flow to the vital organs in ours bodies; with the heart being the main target. This potentially life-threatening blockage results in starvation and deprivation of oxygen enriched blood and vital nutrients that are necessary for the heart to maintain proper function; and that is being able to pump blood efficiently. Typically, it is said that the process of heart disease may begin during childhood years of an individual’s life. In a healthy individual; our arteries start out smooth and elastic, allowing effortless blood flow to our hearts and throughout our bodies. As this cholesterol-laden plaque begin to accumulate within the walls of blood vessels (which may be caused by a poor diet, and lack of physical activity, or simply hereditary) the vessels become inflamed. With the body’s effort in healing itself, this destructing plaque begins to release substances such as lipoprotenins, calcium, and inflammatory cells throughout the bloodstream.

This is a disease that is caused by the narrowing of arteries. These blood vessels are the vessels that supply oxygen and blood to our hearts. This disease is usually caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis “is the buildup of plaque inside the coronary arteries. These plaques are made up of fatty deposits and fibrous tissue” (“Coronary artery disease,” 2013). When your coronary arteries start to narrow it decreases the blood supply to the heart muscle, which will trigger a certain kind of pain that we call an angina. Another problem that Atherosclerosis can cause is blood clot, which will cause someone to have a heart attack, know as a Myocardial Infarction. Some risk factors this particular disease can cause is Diabetes, Obesity, lack of proper daily exercise, Hypertension, smoking, high blood pressure, and having high levels of LDL (bad cholesterol) and low levels of HDL (good cholesterol). All of these things can impact a person’s heart. In an article I found it says, “CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) is the most common chronic, life-threatening illness in most of the world’s developed nations” (“Coronary artery disease,”

Coronary Artery Disease, also known as CAD, is the most common form of heart disease. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Coronary Artery Disease obstructs the blood flow in vessels that provides blood to the heart which is caused by the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. (Rogers, 2011, p.87) (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque is a yellow substance that consists of fat substances, like cholesterol, and narrows or clogs the arteries which prevents blood flow. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque can build up in any artery but usually favors large and medium sized arteries. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009)

Coronary artery disease is one of the common forms of heart disease. It’s caused by the narrowing occurs in the coronary arteries so that reduces the flow of blood to the heart tissues. Through the artery is gradually narrowing because of a substance called plaque builds up inside the wall of coronary arteries, the heart may not get enough blood to work. (coronary artery disease)If the plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form around on its surface. Over the time, the blood clot can completely block the pathway, which can’t let any blood to go through.

CAD is an artery disease where the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart becomes hardened or narrowed due to the build-up of cholesterol and plaque in the inner wall; this causes a reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. Hence, if the arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, the heart becomes deficient for nutrients and oxygen.

If builds hard plaque in the arteries that irrigate the heart, the blood flow decreases or stops. This

After time of accumulation and build up the plaque it becomes hardened plaque, and the hardened plaque makes the coronary arteries narrower, which lead to reduce the blood flow to the heart muscles.

Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart disease and the #1 cause of death for both men and women in the United States resulting in about 375,000 deaths a year. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2014). This disease refers to “any vascular disorder that arrows or occludes the coronary arteries leading to myocardial ischemia” (Huether & McCane, 2012). It occurs when the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart becomes hardened and narrowed. Also, factors such as smoking, high levels of fat & cholesterol in the blood, hypertension, high levels of sugar in the blood, and blood vessel inflammation damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries. “This disease is prevalent in younger and elderly individuals. Coronary artery calcium is highly predicative of coronary heart disease event risk across all age groups” (Tota-Maharaj et al, 2014). Coronary artery disease is caused by the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits, or plaque, in the inner walls of the coronary arteries in a process called atherosclerosis. Normally, the coronary arteries are smooth and elastic, lined with a layer of cells called the endothelium. The endothelium acts as a physical barrier between the blood stream and the coronary artery walls.

Coronary Artery disease is caused by damage or injury to the inner layer of a coronary artery and can be caused by a number of factors. Some of them are; smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or insulin resistance, and/or a sedentary lifestyle. After the wall of an artery is damaged it makes it much easier for fatty deposits (plaque) such as cholesterol and other fatty waste products to build up on the linings of artery walls. This process is known as atherosclerosis. If this plaque breaks or ruptures platelets will clump at the site to try and repair the artery, but this can also block the arteries which can lead to a heart attack. The main factors that place a person at risk for this disease are age, as getting older is

“CAD happens when the arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. This is due to the buildup of cholesterol and other material, called plaque, on their inner walls. This buildup is called atherosclerosis. As it grows, less blood can flow

The process of coronary heart disease begins when the coronary arteries become narrowed by a build-up of fatty material. This condition is called atherosclerosis. If this process continues the arteries may become too narrow to deliver the oxygen rich blood that the heart

As the athermanous plaque evolves and enlarges, it may undergo changes that help contribute to the development of clinical disease, so called "complicated" atheromatous lesion:

Disorder, which underlines CHD, is called atherosclerosis, process that involves inflammation of the lining of blood vessels leading to progressive accumulation of macrophages, lipid, T lymphocytes, platelets and smooth muscle cells in the walls of the coronary arteries. As a result, coronary arteries narrow so that blood supply to the working heart muscle can decrease. Later, plaque, which is made of fatty cells (cholesterol), forms on vessels that lead to the development of clumps of cells and other material called thrombi. Atherosclerosis generally starting early in life and progressing till people get older. Studies found that atherosclerosis can start developing between 10 and 14 years old (Hong, 2010). However, more people are affected by atherosclerosis in their 20s and 30s (Swiech, 2013). Usually the disease occurs at the stage when the coronary arteries become blocked, partly or completely. Therefore myocardium muscle becomes ischaemic as it is not supplied with blood anymore. At this point person can experience pain in the chest, which is called angina, heart attack or death. Unfortunately, about 47% of cardiac deaths are sudden and happen within 2

Atherosclerosis begins when an accumulation of white blood cells form plaque on the artery wall. These plaques are made up of both live and dead cell, including cholesterol and triglycerides, this can create an inflammatory response in the tissue of the artery wall. These atherosclerosis plaques can be divided into two categories, stable and vulnerable. The stable plaques tend to be asymptomatic and are characterized by smooth muscle cells and have a stronger cell matrix. The second category is vulnerable plaques; these tend to be unstable and have higher levels of macrophages and foam cells. The extracellular matrix creates breaks in the fibrous cap and can lead to ruptures.