Introduction Of Antiviral Drugs

The article first addresses the issue of whether or not to consider viruses as living. Although viruses used to be thought of as being biological chemicals due to the fact that they consist of nucleic acids

Bloodborne pathogens are viruses that deteriorate cells within the body. A virus is a submicroscopic parasitic organism that feeds on cells. Viruses are dependent on cells for their nutrients so the virus survive and reproduce. Every virus consists of

Viruses are microscopic particles that invade and take over both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They consist of two structures, which are the nucleic acid and capsid. The nucleic acid contains all genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA, and is enclosed in the capsid, which is the protein coating that helps the virus attach to and penetrate the host cell. In some cases, certain viruses have a membrane surrounding the capsid, called an envelope. This structure allows viruses to become more stealthy and protected. There are two cycles in which a virus can go into: lytic and lysogenic. The lytic cycle consists of the virus attaching to a cell, injecting its DNA, and creating more viruses, which proceed to destroy the host. On the other hand, the lysogenic cycle includes the virus attaching to the cell, injecting its DNA, which combines with the cell’s DNA in order for it to become provirus. Then, the provirus DNA may eventually switch to the lytic cycle and destroy the host.

Viruses are coated genetic material that invade cells and use the cell's apparatus for reproduction.

A virus is a small capsule that contains DNA or RNA, viruses, unlike bacteria are not self sufficient and need a host in

Viruses - are extremely small particles made from protein and either DNA or RNA. They are not made up of cells instead they invade the living cells of other organisms and use them to produce many copies of

A retrovirus composed of DNA and RNA virus with the most complex replication, so it is different from a regular virus.

It is the limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect and parasite.

Most virus study is done with them as a pathogen, but there are a vast number of viral entities

For example, viruses do not use energy and raw materials to grow and reproduce, and they are not made of one or more of the basic fundamental units of life – a cell. Compared to a cell, which includes organelles that enable the structure to grow and reproduce, a virus can only reproduce if another cell is present and that cell has organelles that the virus can inject its own DNA or RNA into and use it for its own replicating or mutating purposes. Viruses are made of a protein coat or capsid with its DNA or RNA genetic material enclosed inside of the capsid. In comparison, in addition to having organelles that use energy to help the cell develop, grow, and reproduce with the help of DNA, the cell by definition is enclosed in a membranous boundary,

A lot of the time when a virus come into contact with the host or as we may know it, the cell, it can insert its genetic material into its host, literally taking over the host's functions. Some viruses may remain dormant inside host cells for long periods, causing no obvious change in their host cells, but once stimulated new viruses are formed, self-assemble, and burst out of the host cell, killing the cell and going on to infect other cells. All this is just a constant battle between the host and cell. Without a host cell, viruses cannot carry out their life-sustaining functions or reproduce. They cannot synthesize proteins, because they lack ribosomes and must use the ribosomes of their host cells to translate viral messenger RNA into viral proteins. Viruses cannot generate or store energy, but have to derive their energy, and all other metabolic functions, from the host cell. Sometimes the virus will not be in the cell but outside functioning as coat for the protein. Viruses cause a number of diseases in humans most commonly heard of ones are, smallpox, the common cold, chickenpox, influenza, shingles, herpes, polio, rabies, ebola, hanta fever, and AIDS are examples of the diseases caused by viruses. Even some types of cancer but not all. As Sun Tzu wrote in The Art of War, “All warfare is based on deception”. He could have easily been describing the ancient battle between virus and host

A disease is the destruction in the function of a human which leads to specific symptoms which in turn affects specific sites and are not results of physical injury. Protease cleaves longer proteins into shorter core proteins via proteolysis this is the process whereby hydrolysis of the peptide bonds occur that links subsequent amino acids to a polypeptide chain (Kohei Oda 2012). It is therefore crucial for the effectiveness of an infectious virus. Protease Inhibitors bind to the active sites of these proteases which in turn inhibits the passage of the protein from becoming shorter units (virions) in order to remain non-infectious. One such example is seen in the Human Immuno-defiency Virus commonly known HIV. In a video Dr. Rufus Rajadurai extensively explained the invasion process of the HIV virus into the uninfected cell of a human to the point of infection

Viruses are extremely unique to the microbial world they are the smallest and simplest microbe. Virions are only 20-400nm in size, and they do not have any way to replicate outside the host cell. Viruses do not have a cell wall, instead of a cell wall

This little package of mayhem consists of relatively few parts. A virus is simply a protein capsule called a capsid, sometimes surrounded by an envelope, containing a genome. The genome consists of nucleic acids arranged as DNA or less commonly, RNA. Dozens of variants of this fundamental arrangement exist with differences in the structure of the capsule and the arrangement of the genome. Small differences or changes in these components allow some viruses to continue to outmaneuver researchers, while millions of dollars are spent trying to understand and eliminate them.

The emergence of drug-resistant strains of human immunodeficiency virus( HIV) and treatment failure can result from non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). (Michel Morin;2000)