Harmeen Jhutti
Hyperthyroidism
Introduction
The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things. It is made up of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (in females) and testicles (in males). Although the hormones circulate throughout the body, each type of hormone is targeted toward certain organs and tissues. The endocrine system gets some help from organs such as the kidney, liver, heart and gonads, which have secondary endocrine functions.( Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science)
Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck and wrapped around the lateral sides of the trachea. The thyroid gland produces 3 major hormones:
• Calcitonin
• Triiodothyronine (T3)
• Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin is released when calcium ion levels in the blood rise above a certain set point. It functions to reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the blood by aiding the absorption of calcium into the matrix of bones. The hormones T3 and T4 work together to regulate the body’s metabolic rate. Increased levels of T3 and T4 lead to increased cellular activity and energy usage in the body.( Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor)
The levels of hormones in the body can be regulated by several factors. The nervous system can control hormone levels
The nervous system uses sensory receptors, nerves and your brain to control your cells, and acts quickly. The endocrine system uses your circulatory system and hormones to care for your cells and acts more slowly. The reproductive system and endocrine systems use hormones to function. The nervous and endocrine systems are connected by sending information to the hypothalamus and uses the autonomic nervous system to transmit what activity needs to take place in the body. This activity might be what hormones are needed, or what sensations the body feels. While the nervous and endocrine systems send information to the hypothalamus, the reproductive system receives information from the hypothalamus. So all three systems do work together, although
*Endocrine glands produce – hormones, they work with other hormones to perform many functions including: control water & electrolyte balance, regulating carbohydrate metabolism, working as neurotransmitters, maintaining stress & inflammation, regulate reproductive functions
The endocrine system is the system of the body in which releases hormones into the bloodstream. The hormones then cause different reactions within the body, and these reactions shape
The nervous and endocrine systems are what control most of the body. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal, cord and nerves. The endocrine system consists of various hormonal glands such as the pituitary. These two systems interact closely since they both have a part in controlling
and other substances that are reabsorbed back into the body. It is also responsible for
The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones that are transported by the circulatory system (blood). They act on target cells that may be anywhere in the body.
Hormones promote homeostasis by releasing hormones that regulate the level of chemicals in the body. For instance, the thyroid gland releases the hormone calcitonin, which regulates the breaking down and rebuilding of bone. Additionally, calcitonin regulates the levels of calcium in the blood.
The human body contains various structures and organs that allow regulations and maintenance of homeostasis. Foundation is built through the framework of the skeletal system, motion is possible due to the muscular system humans have and other body systems that allow humans to perform daily actions. All of this anatomical structures are possible due to the two main controlling system found in the body; the nervous system and endocrine system. The nervous system can be considered as information processor of the human body, but for it to be more effective in transferring and processing information; it works in tandem with the endocrine system. The purpose of the endocrine system is to act in response to the information the
The thyroid gland is the gland that makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and metabolism. Thyroid hormones are essential for the function of every cell in the body. They help regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions in the body. Thyroid hormones also help children grow and develop. The thyroid gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple, wrapped around the trachea. It has the shape of a butterfly with two lobes attached to one another by a middle part called the isthmus. The thyroid uses iodine, a mineral found in some foods and in iodized salt, to make its hormones. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine
The endocrine system is a group of glands distributed throughout the human body. This group of glands secretes substances called hormones. These hormones are dumping into the bloodstream (Shier, Butler & Lewis, 2009). The endocrine system does not have a single anatomic location. It is dispersed throughout the human body. The final purpose of this process is to control, regulate, and coordinate the functioning of the human body. Some body functions can be activated or inhibited by hormones, which are secreted in very small quantities. The hormone related diseases may be due to hyper secretion, or a hypo secretion. The hormones secreted by the endocrine glands regulate growth, development and function of many tissues, and coordinate the
The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces two main hormones. The hormones are called thuroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Together these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism by increasing energy use in cells, regulate growth and development, help to maintain body temperature and aid in oxygen consumption. These two hormones are regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus senses changes in body’s metabolic rate and releases a hormone known as thyropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hormone then flows through connecting vessels to the pituitary gland which signals it to release another hormone. This hormone is known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then makes
The thyroid gland, or more simply thyroid, is one of the largest endocrine glands in our body. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage. This gland is a vital important hormonal gland which is responsible for metabolism, growth and helping the human body. It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly releasing hormones into the bloodstream. There are two types of dysfunctions in the thyroid: hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. According to Dr. James Parker, hypothyroidism results from a deficiency of pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone. The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland is called Thyroxine. Thyroxine acts
The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones, which help to regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, reproduction, sleep, and mood — LiveScience.com states. Two examples of endocrine disorders include growth hormone problems and adrenal insufficiency. While both of these problems have a big impact on people's’ lives, growth hormone problems have a bigger impact on teens for several reasons.
Among the Endocrine system is seven glands that secretes a specific hormone throughout the body for its regularity. WIth that being said the hypothalamus, in the brain, is in charge of theses secretions through the pituitary gland or hypophysis. The pituitary gland consists of the anterior portion and the posterior portion. Both of these portions have different functions and secretions of hormones. In the posterior part of the pituitary, the hormones secreted are oxytocin and the antidiuretic hormone. Oxytocin is responsible for the contractions during delivery of a newborn and also produces the breast milk needed for the newborn. The anterior portion, on the other hand, has quite a few different hormones that are secreted to the body such as, the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating
According to Innerbody.com, the endocrine system is composed for the glands and the hormones. These two main elements are closely related to the nervous system because it is the nervous system the one that stimulates the glands to produce hormones. The glands main function is to regulate the organs in the body. Body’s homeostasis is the term we use to explain how glands and hormones create an inner stability in organs to resist the outside environment (opencurriculum.org 2013).