Outline
I. The Brain
II. Introduction of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
a. TBI sustained in combat zones
i. Degrees of TBI ii. Causes of TBI while deployed
1. Concussion management iii. Why it is a problem
III. Who Should Be Screened And How
a. Suspected patients
b. Methods of screening
i. Rapid field screening ii. Further evaluation
IV. Interventions and Treatment
a. Deployed interventions
i. Medications
b. Nursing Interventions
i. Manage symptoms ii. Family education.
The human brain is a scientific marvel: billions of microscopic cells bind together just so, and form a structure that regulates and processes every aspect of life, from keeping blood at just the right pH, to processing the gentle caress of a loved one. Other body parts are expendable or replaceable: kidneys can be transplanted, livers can be transplanted, even penises can be transplanted. The human brain, however, cannot. It is so essential that if it goes even a few minutes without nutrients, death can result. A nourished brain, however, is able to control muscle movement, judgment, reasoning, memory, process visual information, and comprehend language. This is why damage to the brain can be devastating, no matter how small or insignificant the injury may seem. There is no surefire way to prevent damage to the brain from ever occurring, but it is possible to manage the symptoms that develop in the aftermath.
What Traumatic Brain Injury Is Giving traumatic brain injury (TBI) an exact definition is a
Being home and at school are the primary locations for students and adolescents and where they spend the most time of their day. When a student is diagnosed with a TBI, it can dramatically affect their school performance. After a student experiences a TBI, school is one one of the many stepping stones where recovery and development is offered and can be used as an intervention. For schools to be able to offer the appropriate educational measures adjusted for the needs of the student, the appropriate support and recovery process for the student, schools having the appropriate documentation and knowledge about the student’s injury.
Traumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwide, because it can affect the nervous system permanently, it also messes with the neurological, musculoskeletal, cognitive and much more. TBI force a family to deal with not just the physical disability, with the behavioral and emotional roller
It happens in an instant but the effect lasts longer. How would you feel to be in a darkroom with no electronics for two weeks? Pretty boring, don’t you think? A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head, a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull. If the blow to the head is severe enough to cause a tear of a blood vessel under the skull, this can cause an accumulation of blood that will cause the brain to become displaced [Flynn]. There are six types of concussions. The harder you hit your head the worse the injury will take to recover. [Newsela] People with concussions had thinking and memory test scores that were 25 percent
Concussions, a type of traumatic brain injury, are a frequent concern for those playing sports, from children and teenagers to professional athletes. Repeated concussions are a known cause of various neurological disorders, most notably chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which in professional athletes has led to premature retirement, erratic behavior and even suicide. Over 1.6 million Americans have sustained concussion-related injuries. Because concussions cannot be seen on X-rays or CT scans, attempts to prevent concussions have been difficult.
Concussion, also known as minor head trauma or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. It is typically defined as a head injury with a temporary loss of brain function. Symptoms include a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, which may not be recognized if subtle. A variety of signs accompany concussion including headache, feeling in a fog, and emotional changeability. In general, the signs can be categorized into physical signs (such as loss of consciousness or amnesia), behavioral changes (such as irritability), cognitive impairment (such as slowed reaction times), and sleep disturbances.[1] Fewer than 10% of sports-related concussions among children are associated with loss of consciousness.[2]
Concussions can seriously alter one’s life. Concussions are the result of moderate to severe impact to the head with another object. These impacts shake the brain, which is suspended in cerebral fluid, and cause it to scrape against the skull. Concussions can have mild to severe symptoms including insomnia, an inability to concentrate and headaches. Symptoms manifest both physically and mentally and may appear days after the initial trauma, with the possibility of lasting for months. Concussions are extremely prominent in contact sports such as football and hockey at all ages of play, professional to amateur. Multiple concussions may be accompanied by CTE, a neurodegenerative disease associated with
A concussion is where you have a traumatizing brain injury. The brain will hit the skull and cause a major injury like a concussion. Bleeding can occur inside the brain. You can also get swelling in your head which can be fatal.The harder the hit increases the risk of a serious injury.
From this article, I learned that males has higher risk than females to have brain injuries, and people should tell the doctors about the details of your life. I also learned that brain is a 3 pounds object that has the consistency of tofu which would crash easily. Axons is the most important fiber of a nerve cell that allows your brain to do its
Traumatic brain injury in general is characterized by the changes in brain function due to some sort of a biomechanical force induced by either directly or indirectly as a hit or blow to the head (Facts and Prevention, 2015). Mild traumatic brain injury, which will be considered as equivalent term with concussion, was defined by the International Conference on Concussion in Sport as a complex pathophysiological process induced by biomechanical forces (Mccrory et al., 2013). This penetrating head injury will disrupt the normal function of the brain. The cause of sports-related brain injury can be induced by a direct or indirect blow to the head. Injury can also be caused by the force of impulse due to impacts on other parts of the body being
Imagine one day your are totally isolated from your friends and even some of your family for several months. The sight of light brings instant pain to your head and you begin to go through life with a constant migraine and no way to help make it go away. The sports and activities you have played your whole life, you can no longer play due to the symptoms of your injury. These are just a few of the repercussions student Lily Winton had after her tubing accident the summer of her Junior year of high school that caused her to have her third and very serious concussion.
tissue can be damaged by a variety of things like infections, tumors, or strokes, any injury
Every 15 seconds an individual in the United States suffers from a traumatic brain injury. These equivalents approximately 1.5 to 2 million traumatic brain injuries every year (The Franklin Institute, 2004). Nearly 300,000 sports-related traumatic brain injuries, otherwise called TBI's, happen every year in the United States (CDC, 2013). Because of the abnormal state of contact included in games, competitors included in games, for example, football, hockey and boxing are at critical danger of TBI. Head injuries are additionally to a great degree regular in sports, for example, cycling, baseball, b-ball and skateboarding. Unfortunately, numerous games head wounds lead to lasting cerebrum harm or more terrible. Traumatic
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) consist of pathological intracranial characteristics of altered brain function cause by an outside force. TBI’s have plagued emergency rooms in recent years. TBI’s are the number one cause for death and disability in American youth and young adults. The drastic increase in TBI prognosis has been credited for reasons such as; increased competitiveness in sports, increased speeds of automobiles and/or speed limits, increased incidence of thrill seekers, as well as advancement of imaging modalities. The development of certain imaging protocols has made diagnosis of TBI’s more common. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have paved the way in the imaging and identifying process of TBI’s. With the variety of different levels of severity of TBI’s, the diagnostic imaging and the associated application of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is crucial. The GCS is a point scale in which a health care professional can rate the severity of a brain injury and use a numeric value to objectively track the progress or decline in the patient’s health. In some cases, the TBI may inflict secondary vascular trauma in which the GCS may assist in detecting.
Throughout the history of neuroscience, traumatic brain injuries, especially those that inevitably resulted in patients lacking the presentation of any form of consciousness, have perplexed psychologists, medical professionals, and the alike for decades. Alongside the technological advancements that have emerged within the past century of medical history, researchers, such as neuroscientist Adrian Owen, have thus been enabled to further their investigations into such predicaments. Medical imaging systems, for example the functional magnetic resonance imaging machine, customarily known as the fMRI, have been utilized by researchers, like Owen, in order to substantiate their notions regarding consciousness. Owen successfully observed and
On Monday, September 8, 2014, Ryan arose slightly before 5am for his normal morning workout. He arrived home following his workout around he parked his vehicle and walked up the drive where he collapsed by the garage. At some point a neighbor, out for her morning walk, spotted him on called 911. Then she flagged down another neighbor who began CPR. Later at the hospital, Ryan underwent a cardiac cath for a severely constricted coronary artery. In the days immediately following surgery the signs were positive, but by Friday he started a rapid decline. All the tests came back clear and normal except for his MRI, which showed swelling in his blood vessels in the brain. The full extent of his brain injury would not be realized until the months late but would include brain damage, memory recall issues, and vision impairment.