Introduction. Photosynthesis Is A Vital Process For The

Abstract: The purpose of this lab is to separate and identify pigments and other molecules within plant cells by a process called chromatography. We will also be measuring the rate of photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts. Beta carotene, the most abundant carotene in plants, is carried along near the solvent front because it is very soluble in the solvent being used and because it forms no hydrogen bonds with cellulose. Xanthophyll is found further from the solvent font because it is less soluble in the solvent and has been slowed down by hydrogen bonding to the cellulose. Chlorophylls contain oxygen and nitrogen and are bound more tightly to the paper than the other pigments.

In light reactions, light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane and energizes the electrons. ATP is created from ADP and P. NADP accepts electrons and turns in to NADPH, which is energy. Once the light reactions have taken place, the light-independent, or ‘dark’ reaction occurs in the stroma, where CO2 is converted to sugar. The

Virtual Lab #5- “Which Colors of the Light Spectrum are Most Important for Plant Growth?

Hello, my name is Audrey and welcome to my presentation on the chemistry of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Based on your data, draw a conclusion regarding how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis.

To understand pigments and their part in the essential process of photosynthesis, we constructed an experiment to discover first-hand the effectiveness of specific pigments found in pimento leaves. These two exercises would specifically focus on the difference in polarities and the different wavelengths at which each pigment absorbs light. The ultimate source of energy for most organisms is sunlight. This research expresses the importance in understanding the driving force behind crucial photosynthetic organisms that are responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy and ultimately the fixation of carbon dioxide. The polarity of three of the specific pigments studied, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and xanthophylls, was determined by separating the plant pigments by paper chromatography and calculating their Rf values. Once the pigments separated along the paper chromatography strip, we cut the different pigments bands and eluted them from the paper into a beaker filled with acetone. We were then able to analyze the wavelengths of light absorbed by the pigments through the use of a spectrophotometer. We predicted the wavelengths for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, anthocyanidins, xanthophylls, and carotenoids. From the first experiment we were able to determine that xanthophylls, which traveled the farthest of the three, was

The chloroplast contains the pigment chlorophyll which traps light energy (Yablonski, 16). Chloroplasts give leaves their green color by the pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and xanthophyll found in chlorophyll; the pigments chlorophyll a and b are separated from the other two pigments through chromatography to determine their absorbance levels (Griffith, 438). These pigments absorb and reflect certain wavelength of the visible spectrum which gives the leaf its green color; it absorbs wavelengths which are red and blue but reflect the yellow and green wavelengths of the spectrum making the leaf appear green in color to the human eye (Glover, et al, 505). Therefore the wavelengths which were reflected make up the colour of the leaves (Glover, et al, 505). This chromatographic separation was conducted to extract the different pigment in the chloroplast extract and to separate each of the different components (Quach, et al, 385). The wavelengths which are absorbed by each chlorophyll pigment are different and are based on the visible spectrum. Chlorophyll a obtains most of its energy from the violet blue, reddish orange and a low amount of the green-yellow-orange wavelengths regions of the visible spectrum compared to chlorophyll b which absorbs all the wavelengths not absorbed by chlorophyll a (Shibghatallah, et al, 3). From the results in the lab, it can be seen that the absorbance values determined fluctuate a lot, which resulted in a graph with more than one peak and downfalls. The highest peak determined by this experiment occurred at 660 nm for both chlorophylls. This can be confirmed by Schmid and his team who determined that the wavelength of chlorophyll a occurs between 660-680 nm whereas chlorophyll b absorbs wavelengths between 645-660 nm (Schmid, et al, 30). Thus, we can conclude by saying the spectroscopy helped us determine accurate

This is known as the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The goal of photophosphorylation is to take the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy for the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle then takes this chemical energy and uses it to make glucose. Photophosphorylation begins when a photon (packet of light) is absorbed by a pigment (light absorbing molecule), which is attached to a protein along the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The energy from the photon creates resonance (electron passing from one pigment to the next), which eventually reaches a special reaction center. The reactions center is a protein that houses a special pair of chlorophyll molecules capable of releasing electrons. When the chlorophyll molecules get excited, they release two electrons. These two electrons then move along the membrane through a series of specialized protein releasing energy as they go. This action creates an H+ gradient inside the lumen of the chloroplast. Eventually the electrons reach the end of the chain and attach onto electron carriers. The H+ flow across the ATP Synthase protein where they meet up with ADP (andesine diphosphate) and Pi (phosphate group) to from ATP. The chemical energy created can then be used in the Calvin

In 1937, Robert Hill isolated chloroplasts and demonstrated that chloroplasts can give off oxygen in the absence of CO2. The presence of an electron acceptor, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, otherwise known as DCPIP, will turn from a blue color to clear when electrons have been accepted. This artificial electron acceptor intercepts electrons before those electrons reach PS I. Based upon this chemical feat, this will allow for the measurement the absorbance of 600nm wavelength of cuvettes containing free chloroplast reactions at various conditions, such as the effects of uncouplers (Ammonia), herbicides {3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea} (DCMU), light color, and distance from light. Using the isolated chloroplast, sodium chloride buffer, and the artificial electron acceptor, these manipulations will be carried out and the rate of the reaction measured using a spectrophotometer. The results expressed both the uncoupler and herbicide decrease reaction rate, 30 cm away from a 60 watt light bulb is prime for fast reaction rate, and green light demonstrated the fastest reaction rate.

The lowest absorbance value was 0.276. Based on the data, the range of wavelengths that would best drive photosynthesis would be from 390-420. The wavelengths that would be most likely to drive the least photosynthesis would be 680-700. Based on the absorption spectrum that color of light that would best drive photosynthesis would be violet. While the colors of light that would drive photosynthesis the least would be orange, orange-red, and red.

We first learned about the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of light to produce glucose (their food). Photosynthesis only occurs for plant cells. The equation of photosynthesis is 6CO2+6H20+light energy=C6H1206+602. The chloroplasts have many parts. There is the thylakoids, granum, and stroma. The thylakoids have chlorophyll, which attracts the light energy. The granum is basically stacked thylakoids. In the chloroplasts, and in photosynthesis,

“A Study in 2004 showed that there is 35% more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than there was a century ago” (Higgins 10). The world is heating up due to the rise in amounts of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and Methane (CH4). These gases can block heat from exiting the earth, causing the earth to heat up, which can cause a great deal of damage to humans and the environment. Humans are taking actions against the pollution and global warming by saving trees and trying to reduce gas emissions. One way we can reduce the pollution is by using an invention that can utilize the process of photosynthesis, which can be better than other solutions to the problem.

Without photosynthesis we would not be able to receive energy. We should be more appreciate of plants, without them we would not survive. This paper will explain the basic components require for photosynthesis, the role of chlorophyll, how energy is transferred, and photosystems I and II and the most precious product results of photosynthesis.

     Photosynthesis is a biochemical process in which plant, algae, and some bacteria harness the energy of light to produce food. Nearly all living things depend on energy produced from photosynthesis for their nourishment, making it vital to life on Earth. It is also responsible for producing the oxygen that makes up a large portion of the Earth¡¦s atmosphere. Factors that affect photosynthesis are light intensity and wave length, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.

Global warming is a huge concern in society that is only growing bigger because people either are not well informed about it, or they are not concerned about it. Some think that it will just go away and others still believe that it doesn’t exist, even though there is hundreds if not thousands of pieces of evidence that supports otherwise. One of the biggest pieces of evidence that proves global warming is real is the effect that photosynthesis has on global warming.