Introduction There are various ways with which a fetus can present at birth. These include

Views today demonstrate a viable singleton fetus at 31 weeks 0 days in vertex presentation with an anterior placenta. Fetal biometry appears symmetric and corresponds with stated EDD falling at the 56%ile. Interval growth is noted; however, the growth percentage did trend down from the 80%ile to the 56%ile. Follow-up fetal anatomy visualized as normal or was previously documented as normal. Ductal velocity today measured at 69.2 cm/se, which falls within normal limits. AFI remains reassuring at 12.6 cm. BPP 8/8. Doppler studies are normal in value and wave form.

If Elinah delivers at this time, what care would you anticipate the newborn would need immediately after delivery?882

Views today demonstrate a viable singleton fetus at 12 weeks 2 days. Fetal crown-rump length measures 59.2 mm. The best nuchal translucency measurement obtained was 1.8 mm, and the nasal bone was visualized as present. Fetal cardiac activity is visualized. Due to early gestational age, fetal anatomy was not assessed, but 4 extremities are noted. Amniotic fluid and placental location are visualized as normal within limitations of early gestational age. Adnexa are suboptimally seen. No notching is seen on the uterine artery Doppler’s.

On today’s evaluation, she is 19 weeks and the fetal measurements overall are concordant. The long bone measurements are within one week of her dates. The amniotic fluid volume is normal, and the cervix is long and closed. A complete fetal anatomical survey was performed and a significant amount of ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalous was identified but no other major malformations were noted at this time, though due to the

By dates, the patient is 35 5/7 weeks and the measurements are concordant. The amniotic fluid volume is normal. The fetus is in cephalic presentation. The BPP and Doppler studies are reassuring. A complete fetal anatomical survey was performed and no major malformations were noted at this time within the resolution of the ultrasound equipment other than the fetal abdomen. There is a cystic structure seen in the fetal abdomen that is about 3 cm in diameter with some echolucency surrounding this. It is below the kidney but above the fetal bladder as identified in your office.

On ultrasound there is a live fetus in cephalic presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with dates. On detailed survey we did note an ONTD that is suspected to be from the lumbar down to the sacral area. There was no skin covering the area and there was no clear evidence of meningomyocele but on transverse imaging of the spine they are significantly splayed. In the intracranial views we did see a lemon and banana sign. The ventricles were upper-normal and prominent, right at 1 cm with dangling choroids.

A commonly known procedure when it comes to hospital births are epidurals. An epidural is an injection of a drug between the “epidural space” which causes

On ultrasound, there is a live fetus in breech presentation. Fetal biometry is symmetric and consistent with dates. A detailed anatomic survey was overall unremarkable but we were unable to adequately obtain fetal cardiac views in order to complete the echocardiogram. Both myself and the sonographer scanned and unfortunately the fetus remained in the spine up position after an extended amount of

On today’s ultrasound, a single living IUP is identified with the fetus currently in cephalic presentation with a 3-vessel cord with normal insertion into an anterior right-sided placenta. Fetal biometry today demonstrates an EFW at the 31%ile for reported gestational age. A detailed anatomic survey is without any notable structural abnormalities; however, portions of the fetal face and heart remain to be well visualized due to the fetal position. There was some concern on outside ultrasound for possible cervical shortening and due to this a transvaginal ultrasound was performed that

On ultrasound there is a live fetus in cephalic presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with dates. A detailed anatomic survey was fairly unremarkable although slightly suboptimal due to late gestational age. There were no gross abnormalities seen. The placenta is anterior. Amniotic fluid was 8.3 cm. Umbilical artery Doppler was within normal limits.

be considered candidates for TOLAC. Women with one previous cesarean delivery with a low transverse incision, who are otherwise appropriate candidates for twin vaginal delivery, may be considered candidates for TOLAC. External cephalic version for breech presentation is not contraindicated in women with a prior low transverse uterine incision who are at low risk for adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes from external cephalic version and TOLAC. Those at high risk for complications (e.g., those with previous classical or T-incision, prior uterine rupture, or extensive transfundal uterine surgery) and those in whom vaginal delivery is

By dates, she is 20 5/7 weeks and the measurements are concordant. The amniotic fluid volume is normal, and the cervix is long and closed with no evidence of membrane funneling. A complete fetal anatomical survey was performed and no major malformations were noted at this time within the resolution of the ultrasound equipment.

In the case of the CNM who delivered a 35 week breeched infant, several factors need

HOSPITAL COURSE: This 36-year-old gravid of four para 2012, now para 3013. Presented in labor and to delivery at 38 and 3 weeks at just gestational age with spontaneous ruptured membranes. During her labor course she was known to have fetal mouth presentation in the form of breech, and the decision was made to perform a primary cesarean section, secondary to this breech position. The risks, benefits, and alternate procedures were discussed and the patient expressed understanding. All questions were answered; patient's preoperative hemoglobin were 12.7. A primary low transverse cesarean was performed, please see separate operative report for

On ultrasound there is a live fetus in cephalic presentation. Fetal biometry is about 1 ½ weeks behind dates but measurements are fairly symmetric. Growth is at the 8%ile. Amniotic fluid is normal. Umbilical artery Doppler’s continue to be mildly resistive. The MCA is without evidence of shunting. BPP is 8/8.