Introduction There is an ongoing ethical debate on the topic of Variety-level Genetic Use

Imagine a day when you can design your own kid before he or she becomes a fetus, by taking certain parts of your DNA and your partner's DNA and putting it together. Or making new organisms to meet specific needs, like transgenic microorganisms producing substances to fight cancer or other things that are helpful in the medical field. Some transgenic plants could someday make certain foods more nutritious and produce more seeds. This will all be possible from the help of experiments like Hershey and Chase’s experiment in 1952 concluding that the genetic material of the bacteriophage is DNA. Bacteriophage is a virus that injects genetic information into the surface of the cell. We also had help from Watson and Crick's findings that DNA looks like a double helix. With

DNA are like legos, they work together to build the traits of living things. They are the building blocks of the body. Many scientists today have been figuring out different ways to manipulate, change, add, and subtract genes from the DNA in living things; this is process is called genetic engineering. Some of the living things being experimented on are live people, plants, and animals. Today scientists are debating on the morals of genetic engineering due to what the community thinks of it, because of the christian 's viewpoint of genetic engineering. To some christians it may pose a threat to their, but to others it may be a blessing or a gift. Genetic Engineering is a growing breakthrough in the science community. “Over the last 30 years, the field of genetic engineering has developed rapidly due to the greater understanding of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the chemical double helix code from which genes are made. The term genetic engineering is used to describe the process by which the genetic makeup of an organism can be altered using “recombinant DNA technology.” This involves the use of laboratory tools to insert, alter, or cut out pieces of DNA that contain one or more genes of interest.”(Pocket K No. 17) Scientist have yet to unlock the full potential of genetic engineering, but the information and the use they have found for it today has reached farther than anyone 's expectations.

Genetically Modified Organisms, or GMO’s, are organisms that have had genes from a different organism implanted into their own genetic code in order to produce a new result (“Genetically engineered foods”). This practice has elicited polar responses across the globe, for a multitude of reasons. Besides the obvious reason, being the morality of changing an organism's DNA for human benefit, one frequently noted problem is the monopolization of GMO’s by the company Monsanto, whose name is nearly synonymous with GMO’s due to their involvement with these crops. Monsanto has been at the center of many controversies regarding GMO’s, and is even considered to be ranked third to last for reputation among all major American companies (Bennett). Most

Farming policy of seed patenting should be abolished, and farmers should have the right to reuse seeds. The farming polices like seed patenting is eliminating ancient farming practices and controlling the food supply and the farmers, as journalists Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele revealed “Whoever provides the world’s seeds controls the world’s food supply” (165). Congress and seeds industries like Monsanto should not have the power to change the farming policies. The ancient farming practices of saving seeds from season to season is diminishing due to farmers buying seeds from Monsanto. Monsanto prohibits farmers to save seeds from their harvest and replant those seeds. Monsanto’s genetically modified (G.M.) seeds, that resist to its

Dr. Praphul Joshi 10/23/2013 Controversial Public Health Issue There are several controversial issues confronting us today; from Universal Healthcare (Obama Care) to Stem Cell research, to vaccinations, to genetically engineered (GE)/genetically modified (GM) foods. However, I shall look at genetically modified foods as the controversial issue for this article. I shall look at an article from the mass media about this controversial public health issue and place emphasis on the message the document wants to convey and address any biases that may be within. In addition, I shall provide additional data or facts from another article to see if it supports or refutes the controversial message. It is my intention that this article will provide some clarity on genetically modified foods confronting us in the United States and the world over. Since the successful cloning of Dolly, the sheep, in July 5, 1996, Biotechnology has been praised and castigated at the same time.

However, the use of the GM seeds for food production can quickly render a harmful impact to the user. Lee & Burrell (2002) stated, “Intense concerns about the uncertain health and environmental of GM farming have been the subject of high profile debate. The effects of GM farming on existing forms of agriculture, raised by the prospect of cross-pollination by GM seed, provoke similarly polarized views” It is common that genetic engineering process often takes place by joining different genes of plants together to come up with a whole species of the plant. Unfortunately, this process can easily result in coming up with plants with genes that are harmful to the consumers. Most of the genetically modified food staffs can

“When it comes to owning the seed for collecting royalties, the GMO companies say ‘it’s mine’ but when it comes to contamination, cross-pollution, health problems, the response is ‘we are not liable’”

Genetic engineering is the figurehead of the ethical concerns of scientists in the 21st century. Nothing is more engrossed with criticism and dislike than the idea of altering the baseline for living organisms. Many people are skeptical of genetic engineering due to the versatility it exhibits. A scientist could use a genetic editing tool, such as CRISPR, to remove the genes for a hereditary disease in an embryo, but they could also utilize it to alter the physical characteristics of a human baby. This thought provoked the flood gates of ethics to unleash a multitude of unanswered questions and concerns about the usage and further development of genetic engineering. The field of genetic engineering is

In other words, they are worried that parents having the ability to control what their child will be like will disrupt the plan that God has created for them. Some also believe that it is unethical to make a decision that will affect a person without their consent, which is exactly what genetic modification would be doing. By changing the plan that God has created and making a decision on behalf of a person without their consent are both seen as unethical and going against religious

GMO Controversy. The beginning of the altering of DNA, which has been encoded in both plants and animals, results in drastic consequences applied to both pro and anti GM foods. Within this article a GMO is referred to as “transgenic crops, where the genes from a nonplant organism (usually bacteria) are deliberately inserted into a plant (using recombinant DNA or gene-splicing) in hopes the new plant will exhibit certain desirable traits” (Norwood, Oltenacu, Lorenzo, & Lancaster, 2015, p. 60). Arguably the traits do not always have the best of outcomes. Genetic mutations which show morbid alterations within the bodies of animals and humans, are less likely to have exposure, limiting the discussion or visual representation, outside of the producer.

In a post-genome age, reproductive genetics is becoming an increasingly pressing topic in the debate between advancements in genetic research and ethical policy. Today, parents are given an unprecedented amount of control over the future health of their children. Many different methods of genetic screening and prenatal testings are becoming more and more available to the public; however, due to the nuance of these genetic procedures, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the practical, ethical, and legal implications behind them. For example, a method called preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows for parents who carry some form of genetic mutation or abnormality to be able to test an embryo (obtained via IVF) for the same genetic conditions. If the embryo comes back negative for those abnormalities, it is then transferred to the uterus for implantation, and If the embryo is positive, the parents then have the difficult decision of pre-pregnancy termination. Because the potential of this technology to screen for very specific trait and not only pertaining to medical necessity, the ethical issue of whether this will lead to problems such as genetic discrimination and gender bias are addressed. Thus, there is a growing dichotomy between those who support that reproductive genetics is an important preventative resource for debilitating genetic conditions and

For countless centuries, farmers have fed humanity by saving the seed from one year's crop to plant the following year. But Monsanto, the company that claims its motives are to help feed the hungry, has developed what it calls a "Technology Protection System" that renders seeds sterile. Commonly known as "terminator technology" and developed with taxpayer funding by the USDA [US Department of Agriculture] and Delta & Pine Land Company (an affiliate of Monsanto), the process genetically alters seeds so that their offspring will be sterile for all time. If employed, this technology would ensure that farmers cannot save their own seeds but would have to come back to Monsanto year after year to purchase new ones.” The evidence provides a depiction of the deceptive nature of GMO companies like Monsanto. They only have one goal. Profit. As evident by the “terminator technology” employed by Monsanto. We as a species for centuries as stated in the article have collected seeds and planted the next harvest for the previous harvest. Every year with this GMO seed Monsanto forces the small farmers to pay ungodly premiums just to feed their families. A quote from the article titled The Spread of High-Yield Crops Is Depleting

GMOs are a controversial topic especially when animals get involved. The ethics of it are one of the topics brought up most. Is it right to modify animals just to make them produce something humans desire? What if they suffer from the modification somehow and live a horrible, painful and short

Genetically modified organism (GMO) usage has been an almost taboo subject for many years. The opinions of the people on both sides of the issue are fueled with emotion and extreme. The problem with this is that “A staggering one in three European citizens agrees with the statement that ordinary tomatoes don’t have genes but genetically modified ones do” (Gibney 15). This lack of information could be a cause of the resistance. People who do not understand GMOs thus cling to whatever they have heard to support their beliefs. Even then, the usage of GMOs is still a difficult topic as there is not enough conclusive evidence to support either side. Often compared to Frankenstein, these “Franken foods” tend to have a negative

Genetic engineering has to do with manipulating organisms and DNA to create body characteristics. The practice of genetic DNA has shown an increasing amount over the past years. The process of genetic enhancement involves manipulating organisms by using biotechnologies. The technique is by removing a DNA from one life form and transferring it to another set of traits or organism. Certain barriers are conquered, and the procedure involves changing a form of cells, resulting from an improvement or developed organism. GMO which is a (Genetic Modified Organisms) is the operation done in a laboratory where DNA genetic from one particular species or animals is directly forced into another gene from an unrelated subject of plants or even animals.