Introduction: Three space pioneers Konstantin Tsiolkvsky, Robert H.Goddard and Werner von Braun

In the “Seven Minutes of Terror, Eight Years of Ingenuity” by ReadWorks discusses about the idea of traveling to space and the scientist working together to make this possible. ReadWorks discuss the people, ideas of getting to space, and reason why there was a to getting to people off earth. It demonstrates how these people worked, especially together day in and day out.

There were many contributors to making modern technology the way it is now. One of them was Ben Franklin. Another was Thomas Edison. Last was Alexander Graham Bell. All three of these people made many contributions to modern technology. Ben Franklin, Thomas Edison, and Alexander Graham Bell were all very famous inventors with inventions that changed modern technology.

When asked, "What is the scientific value of sending men into space?” Anatoly Blagonravov – one of the chief architects of the Soviets Unions' space achievements – answered, "I quite agree that modern techniques [of automatic instrumentation] permit us to solve all the scientific problems we set ourselves. But I do not exclude that in the further development of space techniques the personal participation of Man may be of great interest and importance. Independently of the perfection of automatic machines, Man must see with his own eyes what is going on in space."

After WWII, the US and Soviet Union started to develop a new kind of missile program, not for aiming them at other countries, but aiming them at space, this period of time was known as the Space Race ( A Brief History of Space Exploration).America was launched into space because JFK knew the that America needed to restore its confidence and that America would not only meet with the soviets, but surpass them, and from that he made the goal of landing a man on the moon within the decade (Space Program). There were three main scientists from three different countries who started to design rocket engines for space travel. Those scientists were: Konstantin Tsiolkovsk from Russia, Robert Goddard from the US, and Hermann Oberth from Germany ( A

Wernher von Braun always had an interest in rockets. At a young age, he would attach sky rocket fireworks to go-carts and ride them down

The Space Race was a 20th century competition between the former Soviet Union and United States for dominion in spaceflight capability and is still an event that generates controversy. Historians and contemporary analysts who claim the United States won the space race frequently cite “the landing of Apollo 11 on the moon” as the sole reason why the nation won. However, while this event was indeed a triumph, it was stimulated by a series of consecutive feats by the former Soviet Union. The U.S.S.R. was the victor of the space race because it successfully launched the world’s first artificial satellite, the Sputnik 1, leading directly to the launch of the first living creature into space with the Sputnik 2. Later, the U.S.S.R launched the first human into orbit inducing future endeavors like the launch of the first woman in space and the first-ever spacewalk. The U.S.S.R. then “kicked off the era of manned space stations with its Salyut series of orbital outposts” as the series fostered the development of the Mir space station. In essence, although these events were paralleled with the prompted creations and developments from the United States, the former Soviet Union’s space accomplishments paved the way for future innovations in space.

Sylvia Engdahl, in her book series Americans at War, relayed that during the landing of Apollo 11 on the lunar surface, the television broadcast of the event was “beamed to an estimated 600 million people in thirty-three countries on six continents” (182). Considering that this vast group of people, largely comprised of Americans, was tuned into this monumental event proves that the space race was captivating for its audience and the subject of utmost public attention. For Americans, the space race was a basis from which new technological developments would soon proliferate, and it served as an arena for cold war competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. Consequently, when it came to innovative advancements in the US’ progress

Wernher von Braun always had an interest in rockets. At a young age, he would attach sky rocket fireworks to go-carts and ride them down

Technology had been an important element of success in World War II. The advancement of nuclear weapons, and development of atomic bombs gave the US and its allies a major advantage. By the 1950s, the Soviet Union had caught up and developed nuclear weapons. But space technology still had a fair way to go. The Soviet Union lacked fast-paced space technology, the Americans had some fast-paced, but not very advanced technology (. ) Although the Soviet Union had a head start, which didn’t help them in the end, nevertheless they impacted how the United States conducted their space exploration because they proved to be a challenging opposition, and pushed the American scientists to work to their ends.

At the end of World War Two in Europe 1945, aerospace engineer, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, was sent from OKB-16, a sharashka in Kazan to Germany. Korolev was to examine missile and rocket plans by Wernher Von Braun, an aerospace engineer in Nazi Germany. Von Braun had fled Germany at the end of the war, leaving behind extensive

The Mercury Project was the next vast thing in scientific development and space travel in 1963. The Mercury Project “involved a series of six flights- two suborbital and four orbital”(Angelo 1).This project was the dream to put a human being into orbit, and to see if a human can withstand the acceleration, period of weightlessness, and high deceleration. The Mercury Atlas 9- the last craft to go on its mission with commander Gordon Cooper as the astronaut. Cooper became the first man astronaut to “sleep in space in orbit”. As he circled the Earth, “he also released a tiny minisatellite” that will stay in the orbit to complete data(Angelo 4). Atlas 9 was the last to orbit around the Earth which completed the Mercury Project! Cooper made it all the way to the 22nd orbit, which was the most in all the Atlas that went into the orbit. Suddenly during Cooper’s return to Earth, “the first significant malfunction of concern on the Mercury- Atlas 9 Mission occured”(Angelo 4). While Cooper was making final his orbit to return to Earth, the instruments malfunctioned on his spacecraft, which could have caused a total failure in his craft. Cooper had to use manual mode for his re-entry back to Earth, and was the first astronaut to successfully to do so. Coopers bravery will go down in history to this day. The Mercury Project of 1963 was a outstanding accomplishment for NASA, and was the start

Over time, some of the simplest rockets and other space inventions have become even more elaborate. In 1232, the first rockets were used by the Chinese and the Mongols while experimenting with their creation of gunpowder. (“Rocket History.” N.p., n.d. Web. 9 May 2014.) Rockets were also tossed around with for fireworks and for the war between the Chinese and the Mongols. (“Rocket History.” N.p., n.d. Web. 9 May 2014.) They built and fired rockets with gunpowder combustion chambers. Other rocket-like devices have appeared throughout history in different cultures. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a Russian school teacher, produced the idea of using rockets for better things like space travel. ("Rocket History." Rocket History. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 May 2014.) However, Robert H. Goddard, born October 5, 1882, was the first to ever launch a liquid-fueled rocket and is recognized for his hard work and discoveries to this day. ("When was the first rocket invented? | Space Facts – Astronomy, the Solar System & Outer Space | All About Space Magazine.") Though there were a plethora of incredible inventions of the twentieth-century, the rocket has seemed to be the most remarkable.

Rockets made its face around 100 B.C. Sir Isaac Newton made a foundation for modern space during 1642 to 1727. He came up with three scientific laws to understand the physical motions. The laws he came up shows how rockets work and how they are capable to work in the outer space. Scientist in Germany and Russia started to work with rockets and they were so powerful that exhaust flames bored deep in the ground before takeoff. Then 19th century rockets were known as weapons of war. A Russian scientist, Konstantin T, had an idea to explore space. He thought by using liquid propellants for rockets that it would give the rocket great range. Unfortunately, Konstantin passed before seeing if his idea could happen but in early 20th century, an American scientist named, Robert H. Goddard, conducted an experiment to use rockets. Goddard try out both solid and liquid propellant rocket to see which one was better. He that liquid propelled better. The V-2 rocket was developed by Verein fur Raumschiffahrt, which was use against London in World War 2. The United States and the Soviet Union concerned potential rocketry as a military weapon. One of Goddard idea was used in a program to see the high altitude sounding of

Von Braun the leader of the scientists had discussed with the other chief designers about the possibility of surrendering to the Americans. Cadbury states that the German scientists decided that the best solution would be to go to the Americans because they had the capabilities of creating a functional space program (14). In order to achieve this they would have to be very careful not to get caught because if they were it would be considered treason and they would be executed by the government. A few months before the war ended the entire V2 experimental team and their research made the move from Peenemünde to Mittelwerk which was the production base for the V2 missile which was made with slave labor. At Mittelwerk the German scientists were “guarded” by the SS who had orders to shoot them rather than let them fall into enemy hands. The German scientists meanwhile made plans for their getaway by buying an abandoned mine in order to store the years of research that they had gained and also turned their guards away from their mission and had them become regular soldiers and surrender to the Americans alongside them. The U.S army and the Soviet intelligence agency NKVD had been tracking the rocketeers and had been trying to recruit them. On the second of May the German scientists finally encountered the Americans and they were all taken by the American Army into

“The idea gradually dawned around the turn of the twentieth century that the rocket was the key to space travel.” (History of Rocketry and Space Travel) Then in 1969, Lance Armstrong and Apollo 11 landed on the mood for the first time. Now over 40 years later, the thought of public tourism into outer space has become a reality.