Introduction to Sexual Reproduction in Humans

Yeasts are unicellular organisms belonging to the fungi kingdom and Eukarya Domain. Yeast are heterotrophs which gain its energy from enzymes that break down carbohydrates into alcohol and CO2. It can also derive energy from simple sugars such as fructose and glucose, which can be found mostly in groups and reproduce asexually (occasionally sexually). Asexual yeast reproduction is accomplished through a process called budding. Budding occurs when a yeast cell achieves full growth. It then sprouts a bud like swelling on its surface. Part of the parent cell’s nucleus is taken and put into this bud, which then is encased by a wall. The

Germ cells: the sexual reproductive cell at any stage from the primordial cell to the mature gamete

Conception also known as fertilisation is the fusing of two gametes. This creates an embryo which will eventually develop into a baby. All human life begins with conception. A fertile woman will usually produce one egg a month around 2 weeks after the last menstrual period.

Charlene Forest is an associate professor in the Biology department at Brooklyn College, who dedicates her research in to trying to understand the mechanism behind the process of fertilization in algae, as well as what controls expression of gamete-specific genes. To do so, she must understand how sperm and egg gametes first recognize and then fuse with each other. Thus, in order to find what causes the fusion of these gametes, Forest’s lab is cloning genes that prevent the fusion of sperm and egg gametes. She hopes that her research on the fertilization process in algae will help understand the fertilization process in other organisms, particularly humans.

A form of reproduction that requires two parents, rather than one, which introduces the possibility of genetic diversity.

The reproductive system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for sexual reproduction. The development of the reproductive system is controlled by the pituitary

Ceratopteris richardii, known as a C-fern has a lifecycle referred to as alteration of generations, which consist of neither haploid nor diploid dominant. C-ferns are homospours plants which are important in that they can produce hermaphrioditic gametophytes in order to be able to self fertilize. However, some of the homospourous C-ferns only produce male gametophytes .The life cycle of Ceratopteris richardii starts as a diploid sporophyte which then, by meiosis, produces haploid spores. These spores then undergo mitosis to produce a haploid gametophyte, which can be either hermaphrodite( producing eggs and

The reproduction of fungi can be either sexual or asexual. Sexual reproduction, as with other organisms, involves the fusion of two nuclei when two sex cells unite. This joining produces spores that can grow into new organisms. Asexual reproduction is by fragmentation, cell division, or budding. The simplest process is direct fragmentation, or breaking up, of the fungus body, the thallus. Each of the

Most phytophthora species produces three types of spores, zoospores, oospores and chlamydospores. Among these two major types found are zoospores and chlamydospores. Zoospores are formed in sporangium. Each sporangium roughly produces 20-30 zoospores. Production of zoospores occurs normally in moist conditions and around temperature range of 22-28°C. Two flagella helps their motility and they can survive up to four days. On the other hand chlamydospores are produced when conditions are unfavourable. They are also produced from mycelium, but they possess thick cell

The Female Reproductive System parts are gametes, which is a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in several reproductions to form a zygote. Egg is a person possessing a specified quantity. Ovum is a mature female reproductive cell especially of a human or other animal that van divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell. Vaginal is a muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women and most female mammals. Labia is the inner and outer folds of the vulva, at either side of the vagina. Clitoris is a small sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva. Urethra is a duct by

Molds are eukaryotic (taxonomic group that includes organisms composed of one or more cells with visible nuclei and organelles) micro-organisms that are decomposers of dead organic material such as leaves, wood and plants. Mold grows by the extension of hyphae, which are considered to be tiny root hairs that extend across surfaces. In this way, small colonies of mold can expand to cover many square feet of material and it can also create spores that allow mold to inhabit the air and spread across various locations. (Moreau, 1974, p.125). The spores and hair-like bodies of individual mold colonies are too small for humans to detect without a microscope. These spores can survive in various conditions, such as hot, cold, dry and moist, and allows mold to grow. When spores are released they can be carried by air or water to new locations. According to Christensen (1975), some spores are so small that they are more affected by air currents than by gravity as it allows them to reach further locations. When spores land on a damp surface that has food and oxygen available, and the proper temperature, they will start to grow. Mold spores are ubiquitous in nature and are present everywhere, in outside air as well as indoor air. Wherever there is decomposing organic material mold and its spores are also present, which makes it

In contrast, when two individuals mate, the cells go through cell division or meiosis. This allows four daughter cells to produce from the original first cell. Since the offspring has genes and traits from both parents, the offspring will be unique. This is advantageous for evolutionary changes. Since each offspring is unique in their genetic material, some won’t be affected by a disease, such as HIV, AIDS, and viruses, as others might. This allows these offspring to survive. The

The lichen thallus is brittle when it is dry, fragments get broken off and eaten by animals or carried in the wind

Do you know how you were born? Do you know how you came to be? The reproductive system is the system that made that all possible. Without the reproductive system you wouldn’t have been born. In order to produce offspring, the male and female reproductive systems have to be different. Each system has different parts, problems and care. Each system have different purposes, the male reproductive system’s function is to produce sperm, while the female reproductive system’s function is to produce ova, store ova and house a fertilized egg.

the sperm are categorized as masculine and feminine. Finally, it seems that the end goal of