Introvasive Prenatal Test

Child is a gift from God. Every parent hopes for a healthy child. However, abnormalities in the fetus growth becoming common nowadays. These may be due to physical, radiation and chemical factors. These factors will cause deformities such as genetic mutation which causes mental retardation, abnormal body buildup and other conditions which bring a lot of troubles in the future to the child themselves and their parents. Modern technologies and innovations in the medical field had developed a method to detect the abnormality before delivery and prevent this future tragedy to happen. This method is known as prenatal screening. There are several advantages and disadvantages of prenatal screening.

Prenatal testing is used to help understand the health and state of an unborn child concerning any birth defects or any other health concerns to help families prepare for the child before it is born. Many physicians and families use prenatal testing in order to help determine whether or not a mother will want to continue with a pregnancy if there is “fetal impairment (that) is detected” (1650). This would then allow for the mother to make a selective abortion. While some information is helpful concerning the health state of the unborn child, there needs to be a distinction between acute injury and chronic disability. However, Asch reiterates that the terms “such as ‘heath,’ ‘normality,’ and ‘disability,’ are not clear” terms and that they vary

i. Amniocentesis is one type of prenatal testing that can be used. The doctor takes a sample of amniotic fluid from the mother and tests the fluid for a mutation in FMR1.

Gross, S., & McKanna, T. (2015). The evolution of prenatal genetic testing. MLO: Medical Laboratory Observer, 47(5), 14. Retried from

Prenatal testing was designed to allow a mother with a possible high risk the option to ensure the health of their unborn child with a birth defect. The testing will also detect harm to the unborn fetus if the mother was exposed to a disease or sickness. There are multiple levels of screening and testing that can be done to provide to give results to an unborn child. The screenings are safe non-invasive procedures that will detect particular birth defects.1 The types of screenings that can be provided are ultrasound, and blood test.

According to https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072602/ antenatal screening are done on ‘people who do not feel ill’ and so suggest that screening can very useful for midwives in helping them detect disorders before any outward signs or symptoms are shown and allows midwives to identify babies that are at a high risk of a disorder and so prenatal diagnosis establishes whether or not the disorder is definitely present which can then lead to the disease being treated at an earlier stage. Screening does not replace diagnosis; it aims to provide midwives and mothers with information which can help them with further decision making.

The inception of baby scan technology has made possible for the doctors to examine the gradual development of the unborn baby. Different types of tests are performed during the gestation period. Sexing, confirmation, 3-D, and 4-D are few of them. These scans are non-invasive, safe, painless, and do not involve the use of surgical instruments.

When it comes to prenatal Diagnostic testing, I would recommend getting ultrasound to anyone pregnant. At least with the Ultrasound, soon to be parents are able to see the the growth of the fetus. The doctors would be able to tell if there is physical defect which will help doctors see if there are actions that need to be taken. I do not believe that anyone should jump to other testing methods due to the complications it can cause. Unless someone knows there is a history of defects and disorders, fetal medicine has a lot of consequences. Anyone getting prenatal diagnostic need to be aware of the risks they could be taking because these test "result in complications, the most common being premature labor and miscarriage"(Berk, 2012, p. 64).

Advancements in science and technology have profoundly impacted the medical field as new methods for treatments and diagnoses have increased over the years. Most noticeably, has been the advances and widespread use of prenatal screenings. These screenings provide many benefits to parents; however, like most medical procedures, they aren’t completely devoid of risks. Amniocentesis is one such prenatal screening that has become prevalent in society over the last few decades (Cederholm, Haglund, & Axelsson, 2003).

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, “Birth defects affect 1 in 33 babies, about 3 percent of all babies born in the United States each year” (Nierenberg, 2018). Prenatal testing for genetic disorders could appropriately prepare physicians and families. A prenatal test is a test that is done during

Infant and Maternal mortality rates have declined in the past 60 years because people are waiting till adulthood to have babies. Teen pregnancy used to be common and during that time, their bodies aren’t developed well enough to have a baby. As well as the medical field have made huge advancements in technology and protocols. Prenatal testing can be used to make sure the baby is healthy. Amniocentesis tests are used to check your baby for potential defects or disorders. CVS tests remove chorionic villi cells from the placenta to check for chromosomal abnormalities. Doctors and nurses wash their hands more and more effectively now, stopping the spread of bacteria. Medication helps the mother with pain, stress, blood pressure, and helps the baby

Genetic testing is the testing of human DNA which determines various genetic differences and anomalies. With the help of various genetic testing, physicians are now able to look at a person’s DNA for any genetic abnormalities. There are many different types of genetic testing out there such as newborn screening, carrier testing, prenatal testing, diagnostic testing, predictive and pre-symptomatic genetic tests, pharmacogenomics testing and many more. (FAQ about genetic testing, 2015).

First of all, prenatal DNA screening suggests a way to prevent of further time and money consumption on critically anomalous babies. Through DNA screening, the fetal genome can be obtained to establish an early diagnosis of hereditary diseases such as Down syndrome. “Down

Prenatal testing is an assessment/check which is undertaken before the birth of a baby. The test is used for detecting changes of chromosomes and genes in a fetus and is offered while a woman is pregnant. Prenatal tests are conducted through blood, body fluids or tissue samples and identify irregularities in DNA, such as gene sections which are missing or added by mistake, lost genes, genes which are too active or turned off. Although this type of testing can identify DNA abnormalities, it cannot however, diagnose all possible congenital defects.

The next technique routinely performed for prenatal diagnosis is amniocentesis. A long needle is inserted into the mother’s uterus to withdraw a sample of amniotic fluid containing cells shed by the fetus. The cells are cultured and analyzed for chromosome abnormalities. Despite the lengthy time in obtaining results because the cells need to be cultured, this method has become widely accepted as a safe and accurate way to determine genetic disorders.