Discussion:
The purpose of this lab was to calculate the amount of calcium in Kirkland Signature’s Calcium 600mg +D3 through the processes of vacuum filtration and acid-base titration. These two methods were effective in determining the amount of calcium in the calcium supplement with an error of +/- 0.05 g; the amount of calcium stated on the label was 600 mg. The reactions that occurred during the process of vacuum filtration were:
CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2 (aq) +CO2 (g) + H2O(l)
CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → CaCO3(s) +2NaCl(aq)
The amounts of calcium calculated from the two trials of vacuum filtration were 0.554 g and 0.573 g respectively. The calculations from the trials are shown in Equation 2 and Equation 3. The results from the vacuum filtration were very close to the amount stated on the bottle. The small deviation from the original could be the result of inadequately removing all of the ground powder from the mortar and pestle. This caused the original mass of the supplement to be less than what was expected, hence the smaller final amount. There was a small difference in the procedures between the two trials of vacuum filtration. During the second trial, more care and attention was given to make sure that the entire calcium supplement was transferred from the mortar and pestle to the 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Because more care was given, the calculated amount of calcium increased by 0.019 g.
The other method used in this lab was an acid-base titration. The
In this Chemistry Lab the main objective is to perform accurate chemical analysis for the quantity of elements and compounds in a sample. There will be a compound made then synthesized. The methods used were acid-base titrations, redox titrations, gravity filtration, and distillation. General conclusions included
j. Oral Calcium Supplements are used to prevent and treat low blood calcium levels for people that do not get enough
The manufacturer results shows that Alka-Seltzer has 1.9 grams per tablet. In the experiment the results are too small compared to the number that is given by the label. In the first run only .0588 grams reacted to the acid. That suggest that the tablet only contains 0.588 grams of sodium bicarbonate which is very different from the manufacturers. The second run gave an even smaller number of gram. In terms of moles only .0007 reacted in the first and third run and only .0006 in the second run. There are many factor that could had alter the amount of moles that reacted to the acid which affected the result in showing that there is a smaller composition of sodium bicarbonate in the tablet than that of the manufacturer’s.
The purpose of this experiment was to separate the component of three mixtures sand, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate then calculate the percentage by mass of each component recovered from the mixture. The other purpose of this experiment was to show us the students the concepts associated with physical and chemical properties of substances.
Two acid-base reactions were used to result in the percent by mass of NaHCO3 in Alka-Seltzer tablets:
In a 2003 paper, Maurer and others tested the effects of neutralization of endogenous acid production by bicarbonate ingestion on calcium balance, bone markers, and endocrine systems. An increase in calcium retention and a decrease in bone resorption followed neutralization of dietary acid load. Consequently, the trial provided evidence for the acid-ash hypothesis and the alkaline diet (reduced risk of osteoporosis). Alternatively,
In this experiment, a saturated calcium sulfate was already made and ready to use. 25.00 mL of this solution was then mixed with 10 mL of an ammonia buffer and 1 drop of
The retained solution from the NaHCO3 extraction was used to precipitate the P-toulic acid. Drop wise 3M HCl was added to the extracted solution carefully until no more precipitate was formed and the solution tested acidic, with a pH reading less than 3 as indicated by pH paper testing. A piece of clean filter paper was then weighed and the mass recorded in a lab notebook. A vacuum filtration system was constructed with a Buchner funnel
As recommended, nutritionists often say that a sufficient amount of calcium intake per day is 1000mg for women over the age of 19 (6). Unfortunately, many people find it difficult to meet the requirements as not all calcium we take in is used effectively. Some is lost and some excreted. However, with the menu provided, calcium intake levels have been boosted to fit patients diagnosed with osteoporosis. For example, the glass of milk provided at breakfast contains 300mg per cup, providing approximately 1/3 of the recommended amount (7). Not only does milk boost up the calcium, but most dairy products, tinned sardines or salmons, soy based products and dark leaved vegetables also contain calcium (8). Some of these meals include the cream of potato soup. As it remains as a side dish of the lunch,only 37mg of calcium has been added. With all other meals and their calcium levels, the body is able to receive enough calcium per day, as recommended. One other example throughout the menu that consists of calcium is the apple turnover and custard for the dessert. This dessert comprises of ingredients such as milk and cream allowing the body to consume a sufficient amount of calcium. Other calcium products has been added throughout the meal to balance out the calcium intake of the day, without an overdosage as it can have other side effects such as hypercalcimia which occurs due to too much calcium in the bloodstream.To prevent osteoporosis the menu provides suitable amounts calcium, where the calcium intake approximately adds up to 1087.17 mg (7) per day, meeting the recommendations, which proves that the calcium consumption level is just right to help with the
In this experiment, the techniques utilized for the determination of the unknown concentration of riboflavin was standard addition and obtaining
Swanson’s manufacturers demand heavily on agricultural manufacturing, seeking the upmost quality of raw materials for our products, aiming to serve the customers’ needs during product development. The raw materials needed for Airborne vary from herbs, vitamins, and amino acids. Our procurement team searches the globe for quality ingredients so that our supplements meet both our strict standards and our customer’s expectations. Vitamins can be derived from plant or animal products, or produced synthetically in a laboratory. The vitamins in Airborne are mainly derived from fruits, vegetables, and plants. In order to receive the dissolving reaction when added to water the vitamin also contains Sodium Bicarbonate and Potassium
6. The precipitate may have not dried up properly making it so there was water adding weight on it.
Calcium regulation has significant effects on the human body's capacity to maintain homeostasis. Around 99% of the body's calcium is found within the skeleton in the form of calcium salts. The remaining 1% is found in blood and controlled within a very narrow range
Overall, the results were almost as expected. It was predicted that Magnesium and Calcium would have a similar reaction will the hydrochloric acid and produce approximately that same quantity of hydrogen gas. However, the results demonstrated that the Calcium reacted more vigorously than expected and produced a larger quantity of hydrogen gas. The reaction which occurred whilst using Magnesium resulted exactly like the prediction. It was expected that the metal would bubble, eventually dissolve and produce gas which would potentially displace the water in the test tube. With the reaction involving Calcium, it was not predicted that it would heat up the conical flask and react as violently. It was expected that the Tin would either have a
Before the samples were titrated they were acidified with glacial acetic acid since they would be heavily diluted. Also 5% metaphosphoric acid was added to prevent the precipitation of proteins and ferric ions which would interfere with the end point of the titration. The results obtained show that it takes 8.5L of canned orange juice and 12.9L of canned apple juice to provide the