Investigating The Osmotic Regulation On The Kidney

For tests such as body composition using bio impendence the participant must be fully hydrated. This is also important for tests where aerobic and muscular endurance are being measured so that participant does not become dehydrated during the test.

In this lab experiment, half our group observed and measured osmosis using dialysis tubes that were represented as the semipermeable membrane. It is permeable to water and other small molecules but is impermeable to larger molecules such as the sucrose solution used in each of the four beakers and tubing. The other half of our group observed the tonicity of sheep blood to determine whether the blood was isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic. The 85 g/dL of NaCl solution was the ideal isotonic number in relation to the sheep blood cells as well as a reference to the other observations of the solutions.

Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to familiarize you with osmosis and, specifically, what happens to cells when they are exposed to solutions of differing tonicities.

The purpose of the experiment was to help us better understand how water, Coke and Gatorade effected the renal system. The goal was to test and see if my hypothesis were correct regarding the urine specific gravity, urine flow rate, and presents of reagents using the Labstix. My hypothesis for this experiment was that the Gatorade drinkers will have the highest urine flow rate and that non-drinkers would have the highest urine specific gravity. Water is hypo-osmotic and coke contains a high amount of sugar making it hyperosmotic relative to plasma. Gatorade consists of large amounts of electrolytes making it iso-osmatic relative to the plasma. Based on these characteristics of the consumed substances, we are able to study the hormonal effects on the average UFR and USG.

The purpose of the experiment was to test the levels of water contamination in each beaker to see how high each vial would contaminate the water based on the color the water became once each vial was poured into the given beakers. In Experiment 2: Water Treatment, I used potting soil, sand, activated charcoal, gravel, alum, bleach, and beakers with my own-supplied tap water. The purpose of this experiment was to see if the different particles placed in the tap water could be removed by various filtration techniques. In Experiment 3: Drinking Water Quality, I used several various test strips, each individual strip testing for ammonia, chloride, 4-in-1, phosphate, and iron, along with samples of Disanti bottled water, Fiji bottled water, and my own tap water from home. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if bottled water is any more or less filtrated than my own tap water at home.

For D2, I am going to analyse the influence of water balance dysfunctions on the body.

Secondly, osmosis was to be observed to gain a proper understanding of how the principal of dialysis functions.

This experiment is being performed to show the effect of pH levels on daphnia by changing pH levels and measuring the heart rate.

The investigation was to determine how an ingested substance can affect urine volume and colour. The volume graph clearly indicates the average volume of urine was highest for participants who consumed water, followed by the electrolyte drink, chips and control who did not consume anything. Each colour graph shows the frequency of urine colour for each group. Colour charts were used to measure the colour of urine, one being the lightest or most dilute and five the darkest or most concentrated. The control group showed increases in frequency for colour one, occurring at 30 and 60 minutes, steady results for colour two, decreases in three at 60 minutes and slightly staggered results for four and five. Partakers who ingested chips

The reason for this lab/research study is to know the physical effects on water vs Gatorade in exercise in a limited period of time. There are 2 subjects that are always active ,one male (19 years old) and the other female (35 years old). Both of the subjects were asked to a 90 minute workout session which included walking. During one session, the male was consisted drinking a 32 ounce fierce grape Gatorade and the female was drinking 32 ounces of water. There was a big differences in “peak rating of perceived exertion”. By the data taken it was suggested that

Overall, I believe that this experiment doesn’t pass the validity test, regardless of the results being very similar to what the researches have found on the relationship between hydration and cardiovascular drift. The sets of qualitative data from the two procedures all show great possibilities of directly impacting the participants’ hearts rates. During the two runs, there were participants running in untie shoes. Their natural instincts would have them changing their running form so that they don’t step and trip on their own shoelaces, and running in uncomfortable positions might lead to slight alteration in their heart rates. Moreover, the amount of sleep each participant was getting before the procedures was vastly different, causing variation in heart rates during exercise since getting enough sleep does boost one’s athletic performance. Participating in intense exercises such as a fitness test the day before the experiment, which three of the participants had to endure, could result in sore muscles and/or physical fatigue, and ultimately, skewing the collected data. I also do believe that the reliability of this experiment was not up to standard. First of all, one successful experiment requires at least five trials in order to ensure its reliability, which our experiment only had one. Thus, the possibilities of external factors affecting the outcome of the test then increases, making the result highly unreliable. Even if the current conclusion suggests that drinking water prior to running can positively influence the heart rate, there’s no evidence proving that this is 100% trustworthy and not merely a coincident. Only after we can successfully restrict our controlled variables and increase the number of trials that we will be able to claim the validity and reliability of this

Figure 2 indicates the average specific gravity of urine. During the control period, the group who drank 16 mL of water had a significantly high urine specific gravity. However, during the 30, 60, 90, and 120 time intervals, the urine specific gravity for all the groups was

Group 1 received 107% for 0.0m, 109% for 0.25m, 112% for 0.5m, and 126% for 0.75m. Group 2 received 100% for 0.0m, 107% for 0.25m, 116% for 0.5m, and 117% for 0.75m. Group 3 received 100% for 0.0m, 106% for 0.25m, 114% for 0.5 m, and 117% for 0.75m. Group 4 received 100% for 0.0m, 106% for 0.25m, 113% for 0.5m, and 116% for 0.75m. Group 5 received 98% for 0.0m, 105% for 0.25m, 110% for 0.5m, and 115% for 0.75m. Group 6 received 104% for 0.0m, 108% for 0.25m, 111% for 0.5m, and 104% for 0.75m. The trend line that occurred for the rate of osmosis was an upward increase as the solute concentration increased.

This experiment requires that the heart rate and the urine glucose levels be recorded prior to the administration of any fluids. At least a day prior to the performance drink test students will undergo a water control element. The student’s heart rate and glucose levels prior to drinking 8 ounces of water will be taken and recorded. After the 8 ounces of water is administered students will have their heart rates taken at the following intervals: 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes. The next urine sample that is provided will also be tested for urine glucose levels. The water element will set a standard for comparative analysis later on; final results will be compared on an individual basis only (student initial vs. student final). When administering the performance drink test the same method will be used with the same times and same amount of fluid. After second voiding of urine the glucose levels will be tested again. All data collected during this experiment will be collected at the time tests were

The vertebrate kidney is an important organ that serves vital roles in waste excretion, osmoregulation, metabolites reabsorption, maintenance of acid-base balance and even hormone secretion. Nephron is the basic functional unit of a kidney which consists of a blood filter (the glomerulus) and renal tubules that joins to a collecting duct. Nephron filters blood plasma and the filtrate is further modified and refined in the tubules via selective solute reabsorption and secretion. The consequential “unwanted” waste is drained into collecting ducts and excreted (Reilly 2000; Jacobsen, 1981).