Investigating The Physiological Phenomena Of The Heart

The heart is what keeps the human body running. From the very first time someone presses their head up against their mothers chest or feels their own heart beat, they know that the pulse they feel means something important. It’s the rhythm that lets us keep on living. It’s strange to think that before I read this book, I barely knew anything about this absolutely vital organ in my body. Now, I probably know more history about the human heart than I ever thought I’d know. This book went totally in depth about the history of the human heart, and how modern medicine knows what it knows about this vital organ. It weaves history and information about the heart together in a way that keeps you interested until the last page, which is something I

R E V I E W S H E E T 30 Anatomy of the Heart

Oxygen and nutrients the body requires for function are pumped around this complex network of blood vessels by the heart. At roughly the size of a human fist, the heart is a four-chambered muscle and performs two functions of circulation simultaneously and continuously. Systemic and pulmonary circulation. The heart is made up from three separate layers of cardiac tissue; the outer layer called the pericardium, which is a double sac-like outer covering with serous fluid inside to keep the middle layer, the myocardium from adhering to the outer layer. This middle layer of the heart is the heart muscle which is thicker on the left side, to aid with the pressure needed to sustain systemic circulation. The inner layer of the heart is the endocardium. It’s lining is smooth to help prevent the blood which circulates around the inside of the heart from clotting. The heart is the human body’s in-built pacemaker, and the electrical signals sent through the it cause the heart to contract and relax. This process is triggered by the autonomic nervous system and the contraction and relaxing cycle is

The heart is a very strong muscle that has one major job. The heart’s job is to pump blood throughout the entire body. The heart is made up of 4 chambers, and 4 valves. There is the right and left atrium, and a right and left ventricle. The atriums are the superior chambers, and the ventricles are inferior chambers. The left ventricle is the most important, because that is where the blood travels through to go to the aorta, and eventually the rest of the body (Taylor 2015).

heart from the body by the veins and its purpose is to keep us alive

A.T.P is stored, chemical energy in the cell, without A.T.P we would die. To make A.T.P we need glucose oxygen. Carbon dioxide and heat are the waste products.

The cardiovascular system, the workhorse of the body, has long been an object of fascination by civilizations. How does such a tiny muscle support the life of a human for such a long period of time? The answer lies within the physiology of the cardiovascular system itself. Simple one-celled organisms had one major problem when it came to the diffusion of oxygen, the oxygen required by a mammal for instance, would be much greater than the rate at which these cells could diffuse oxygen. Thus the need for a more efficient process was integral in the creation of cardiovascular system as we know it today. The ability of the heart to pump blood fast enough (and in continuous loops) allows for this absorption of vital nutrients in a prompt manner. However the common knowledge we have currently about the way this system works is a relatively new understanding. In the 17th century, an Italian anatomist named Marcello Malpighi observed the capillary exchange between interstitial fluid and blood. This idea was a radical one (p.463-464). Common belief at the time was that the cardiovascular system distributed both blood and air. Many had thought that blood was produced in the liver and was distributed through the veins and also believed that it was the arteries that distributed oxygen to the body. William Harvey disproved this belief when he discovered that that weight of blood pumped by the heart in one hour exceeds the weight of the entire body. He soon discovered the one-way loop in

Nevertheless, an inexpensive and moderately non-invasive procedure to quantify the heart energy is not presently obtainable and mathematics-based methods can be applied as substitute to measure the hemodynamic parameters to diminish the application of invasive techniques [9, 10]. Twenty years have gone that researchers have highly perceived mechano-biology of fluid-solid interaction in the organic systems (predominantly the human circulatory system) [11-13]. This is identified that the four chamber heart is not only a blood circulator but moreover the creator of energy to pump the blood through whole body. Human cardiac muscle contraction is created by biologic energy in chemical links by ATP and transforms it to a kinetic energy. The absolutely essential physical duty of the cardiac complex is circulating the blood through whole body and this is why the heart may be realized as a transformer that receives and transfers energy from one system to

Anatomy is one of the oldest branches of medicine, with historical records dating back at least as far as the third century BC . Cardiac anatomy has been a continually explored topic throughout this time, and there are still publications on new facets of cardiac anatomy being researched and reported today. One of the fundamental tenets of the study of anatomy has been the description of the structure based on the universal orientation, otherwise termed the anatomic position (Fig. 2.1 ). The anatomic position depicts the subject facing the observer and is then divided into three orthogonal planes. Each plane divides the body or individual structure within the body (such as the heart) into two portions.

The Cardiac Muscle cell is made up of both Myosin and thin layer of Actins, which are sliding protein filaments. The Cardiac Muscle cell consists of two primary proteins which are build up of muscles fibre, known as the myofibrils. Throughout the contractions, the function of the myosin and the actin are transferred directly to the fibres, which act upon the dense bodies, which help the joint of muscle cell. Your heart in general beats once every second for your whole life and is continuous. The cardiac muscle can only be found inside the heart and cannot be found anywhere else, which makes it unique. Although share many common factors with both the skeletal and smooth muscle. But have completely different structures. Underneath the microscope, the cardiac muscle will be perceived with multiple joined cardiac myocytes, which is striated with both dark and light bands parallel from each other. Made up of Actins and Myosin filament that are connected at the end of each other. The intercalated disc inside the heart have two essential functions, where one holds the myocytes together so they won’t fall apart when the heart is contracting and the other intercalated disc allow the electrical connection between the cells. Which makes up the hearts vital

1. Heart is a hollow muscular organ located between the lungs in the mediastinum and pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. Heart is present in the pericardial sac and has four chambers namely right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle and is separated into left and right side by a muscular wall called septum. Interatrial septum separates the two atria and interventricular septum separates two ventricles. The heart wall has three layers epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. Two large veins such as superior vena cava and inferior vena cava open in right atrium. Atria are superior, and ventricles are located inferiorly. Two atrioventricular valves namely tricuspid valve and mitral valve(bicuspid) and two semilunar

The heart is one of the earliest differentiating and functioning organs of the human body. In human embryos, the heart will develop from the mesoderm and begin to beat in a little over three weeks.1 When the heart is fully formed, it will be about the size of a large fist and will serve as the circulatory pump for the body.2 In this role it aids in pulmonary circulation where blood is sent to the lungs to be oxidized and in systemic circulation where blood is sent throughout the body. This process is highly regulated by electrical signals and this paper seeks to understand some of the physical phenomenon that can explain this.

The human heart is by far one of the most complex units science has ever studied. The Cleveland Clinic states the heart is made up of four chambers, and is encased by a double walled sac called the Pericardium. On average the heart beats one hundred thousand times a day. It circulates blood through two pathways: the pulmonary and systemic circuit. The heart contains electrical cells that make it contract- making a heartbeat. I could go on forever about the mosaic complexity of the human heart. You see, that is what intrigues me, the complexity of the heart. The perplexity of people. The miraculous factors that make up the human body.

The heart is located in the chest between the lungs behind the sternum and above the diaphragm. It is surrounded by the pericardium. Its size is about that of a fist, and its weight is about 250-300 g. Its center is located about 1.5 cm to the left of the midsagittal plane. Located above the heart are the great vessels: the superior and inferior vena cava, the pulmonary artery and vein, as well as the aorta. The aortic arch lies behind the heart. The esophagus and the spine lie further behind the heart.

The hearts role is to pump oxygenated blood to every cell in the body by having a continuous beat. Throughout time the heart has created mystery, however current technology has solved most of the mystery, there still remains an enchantment and eagerness to learn more.