Investigating effectiveness of treatments

I would usually read books like this, but I would like to mention how interesting it was while reading. One of Us has valuable information and stories of conjoined twins, not only in the United States but all around the world. I found it interesting how the author uses medical term and quantitative data to identify the different types of twin and how many are there. I did not know there were so many different types of conjoined twin, and where they are attached or infused. Alice Dreger purpose of this book is analyzing case studies both past and present, along with questions and assumptions about anatomy and normality, and transforms our understanding of how we are all intricately and inextricably joined. She also explored the separation surgery on conjoined twins. Providing historical and contemporary evidence that most adults conjoined twins do not desire to be separated, and that many operations are carried out on children too young, by individualizing them at all cost which may result in a tragic event.

Sometimes when an older woman is pregnant with multiple babies, fetal resorption, or vanishing twin syndrome, happens. After one twin or multiple is miscarried, the stronger fetus absorbs it. This only occurs in about twenty one percent of twin and multiple fetus pregnancies. After my sister was born in 1985, my mother was told that she wouldn’t have anymore children. She was fine with this, until thirteen years later she found out she was pregnant with twins. But shortly afterwards, she found out that the boy was miscarried and absorbed by his sister; me.

There are a number of possible types of these births. These include thoracopagus, the most common, affecting 35% of all conjoined twin births, where the chest wall is shared, and often the heart. Pygopagus is another type, occurring in 19% of all cases, where the twins are joined at the buttocks. Two significantly less occurring patterns are ischiopagus, 6%, connected at the tailbone, and craniopagus, 2%, with a fused skull. Some other commonly occuring types include cephalopagus, with the upper torso and back of the cranium fused, and dicephalus, having two heads and necks connected to one body. Cephalopagus and craniopagus twins are rarely operated on, because the brain is such a delicate organ on which to operate, especially when shared brain tissue is involved. Other types include parapagus, a lateral fusion of the lower half of the body, and omphalopagus, joined frontally at the midsection. Finally there is parasitic twinning, where one twin is dependant upon the other for life, and often one is misformed, lacking organs or fully formed parts (www.twinstuff.com).

Monozygotic twins: Monozygotic twins are also known as identical twins. These twins start their life as one egg which is fertilized by one sperm and latter splits into two eggs much earlier in the gestational period. These are very rare and have no link to heredity. But studies reveal that only one of four conceptions of twins is identical. Therefore, it seems likely that any differences between twins will have to be caused by environment rather than by genetics.

Twins, share a bond that no parent, child or sibling relationship can ever compare. There are two main types of twins, and these include: monozygotic (identical) twins and dizygotic (fraternal) twins, and they are compared by their emotional, behavioural, and cognitive similarities. (Robert Plomin, 1997). According to Social Issues Referencing, 2007, whereas Identical twins are formed from a single (mono) zygote and are genetic “carbon copies”, fraternal twins develop from two (di) separate zygotes, as a result of two eggs being fertilized by two sperms independently. (Social Issues Referencing, 2007, para. 8)

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a rare disease occurring in 10-15% of monochorionic-diamniotic twin gestations in which vascular connections are shared between the fetuses via a common placenta1, 2, 3. A theoretical imbalance in the vascular distribution creates a shift in circulation causing one fetus to receive a surplus in volume, the recipient, and the other to be deficient, the donor4, 5. TTTS can present at any gestational age6 and can progress in severity causing significant morbidity, especially to the recipient, and even demise of one or both twins1, 2, 6. Classic ultrasonic markers of TTTS have been well-described as an amniotic fluid imbalance between the twins2. Several staging systems have been

In the first session that was held with client Jane Smith it was to determine what the client was suffering from. Counselor agreed with community social worker that client exemplifies characteristics of Agoraphobia. The key characteristic that was identified in client’s behavior was that she does not leave her home. Client has a fear of being in public places. Client depends on her granddaughter to do all of her out of the home errands. After a multitude of characteristics were identified, intervention/treatment plan can be developed. Client alongside counselor will work together to develop an effective treatment plan. In reference to CBT a treat plan is “strategy between patient and therapist that gives direction to therapeutic process”. Client will be in charge of developing three goals that she will like to complete or work toward during sessions.

gestational age, and other medical issues (Tin & Gupta, 2007). The question is because many

Research provides the evidence necessary to prove the efficiency of a particular practice and support how that practice will be spread to the therapeutic community at large. Sharf (2012) exemplifies that 50% of patients that enter treatment show meaningful change after thirteen to eighteen sessions and 25% of additional patients show the same change after fifty sessions, as such psychotherapy research should pay attention to problems in treatment and change treatment to make it more successful. The utilization of evidence-based treatment provides statistical data that shows where specific treatment is working and areas that need improvement in order to increase successful outcomes. A variety of sources from which data can be collected to

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews database was utilized to locate this SRR. The authors searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group’s Trials Register by contacting the Trials Search Coordinator (12 February 2014). This register is maintained by the Trials Search Coordinator and contains trials identified from monthly searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); weekly searches of MEDLINE; weekly searches of Embase; hand-searches of 30 journals and the proceedings of major conferences; and weekly current awareness alerts for a further 44 journals plus monthly BioMed Central email alerts.

The stern figures of the global burden of pregnancy-related deaths are now so well known. Every year, approximately eight million women suffer pregnancy-related complications 289 000 women die due to complications in pregnancy and childbirth, and 6.6 mil¬lion children below 5 years of age die of complications in the newborn period and of common childhood diseases. Worldwide, the majority of maternal and newborns deaths occur around the time of birth, typically within the first 24 hours after childbirth. In developing countries, one woman in 16 may die due to pregnancy-related complications compared to one in 2800 in developed countries. Many of these maternal and neonatal deaths more than 80% of could be prevented or avoided through actions

Conjoined twins are identical twins whose bodies are joined in utero. The occurrence is estimated to range from 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 100,000 births, with a somewhat higher occurrence in Southwest Asia and Africa. [1] The condition is more frequently found among females, with a ratio of 3:1. [2] Many are born with abnormalities incompatible with life. The overall survival rate for conjoined twins is approximately 20%. [3]

known risk factor is advanced maternal age-at age 35, a woman has 1 chance in

According to Pinborg of 2005, Since the 1970s, the national twin birth rates have been increasing worldwide. Apart from the increasing childbearing age, the main cause is the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). To explore the overall consequences of dual embryo transfer (DET), the literature has been reviewed systematically regarding short- and long-term outcomes of IVF/ICSI twin pregnancies i.e. pregnancy complications, maternal risks, obstetric outcome and long-term morbidity including neurological sequelae, cognitive development and family implications. Another consequence of DET is vanishing twins, which seems to be a possible cause of adverse outcome in IVF singletons. The sparse literature on vanishing twins in IVF pregnancies

There are two types of twins. One type of twins, called identical twins, is exact clones of each other. They share the same DNA and were made from a single split egg. More research as been done regarding these types of twins as they are the more remarkable kind. Since they are a genetic match, nature plays the